Osteoporosis
What is a Bone?
Bone
- Connective tissue
- 206 bones
Function of Bone
- Support
- Protection
- Assisting in movement
- Mineral balance
- Site of blood cell production
Cells of Bone
- Osteoblasts: Bone forming cells (Good cells)
- Osteocytes: Provide nutrition
- Osteoclasts: Bone eating cells (Bad cells)
Osteoporosis - A Silent Killer
Osteoporosis
- Bone become more porous which makes them weaker and more brittle
Osteoporosis - Your Bones Worst Enemy
Bone Formation & Bone Resorption
Decreasing Bone Mass with Age
Women after menopause lose bone mass much faster than men
Burden of Disease- India
Based on 2001 census:
- 163 million people>50 years
- Expected to raise to 230 million by 2015
- 20% women & 15% men i.e. 25 million would be osteoporotic in India by 2015
1 in 2 Indian women above the age of 45 suffer from osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is also Called...Silent Killer Disease
- No symptoms until you get a fracture
- Spine fractures may cause
- Severe back pain
- Severely stooped (bent) posture
- Sometimes decrease in height
Getting Shorter May be Just the Beginning
- Bone becomes weak - multiple breaks in spine
- Gradual accumulation of these breaks - people get shorter
- Could lead to a curved back – “Dowager's Hump”
Common Sites of Fracture
- Spine
- Hip
- Wrist
Fracture Can Turn Your Life into one of Disability
Broken wrists interfere with daily life
Broken hips may cause permanent disability
- Approx 1 1in 2 regain total independence
- 1 in 4 need long term hospitalization
- 1 in 4 people die within 1 year
Risk Factors
Risk Factors- Non Modifiable
- Family History
- Past history of Fracture
- Gender (Female> Male)
- Age
- Menopause
Risk Factors- Modifiable
- Smoking
- Alcoholism
- Underweight
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Poor Eating Habits
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
- Serum Calcium (8.5-10.4 mg/dl)
- Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
- Heel / Wrist
- DEXA
BMD of Heel (Screening Test)
DEXA (Gold Standard)
Prevention & Treatment
Prevention of Osteoporosis
- Making a few changes in your diet
- Calcium
- Vitamin D
- Exercise
- Medication
Deposit Calcium in the Bone Bank
Like the money saved in your bank Account
Calcium & Vit D Requirements
Adults <50
- 1,000 mg of calcium
- 400-800 IU of vitamin D 3 daily
Adults >50
- 1,200 mg of calcium
- 800-1,000 IU of vitamin D 3 daily.
Life Style Modifications
Eat food Rich in Calcium
- Milk & Milk products
- Spinach
- Oranges
- Pulses & Sprouts
- Sardines, salmon
Vitamin D
Natural Sources
- Exposure to sunlight
Food Sources
- Oily fish / Fish oils
- Butter
- Eggs (yolk)
- Cereals fortified with vitamin D
Exercise
- Walking
- Running
- Jogging
- Skipping
- Aerobics
- Tennis
- Weight Training
- Basket Ball
Today's Treatment Options
What will Happen if You Discontinue the Therapy?
You won't be fit and strong
How Long Do You Need Treatment?
Let the Doctor Decide
Only your doctor can decide which drugs you need and for how long
Where the risk of osteoporosis is high, the treatment is usually lifelong
Conclusion
If you suspect you are at a risk of osteoporosis it is wise to address it RIGHT NOW before a bone fractures
A combination of all these measures can help ensure that the bones preserve their stability until well into old age so that one can explore all of life's paths.......