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Two large, high-quality, multicenter placebo-controlled trials evaluated effects of first-trimester use of micronized vaginal progesterone in women at risk of a miscarriage. Women who have had a past miscarriage and who experience bleeding in early pregnancy may benefit with micronized vaginal progesterone 400 mg twice daily started at the time of presentation with vaginal bleeding and continued to 16 completed weeks of gestation.

Progesterone supplement therapy has become the most widely used method of preventing preterm birth in patients with a history of preterm birth and/or short cervical length. In this prospective study, vaginal NMP 400 mg capsules significantly reduced the rate of preterm birth between 24-37 weeks of gestation in women with high risk factors for threatened preterm birth.

According to the study, rizatriptan 10 mg was superior to ibuprofen in relieving headache, associated symptoms and functional disability in patients with acute migraine attack.

This monograph overviews in-vitro/clinical evidence for Molnupiravir efficacy, safety and positioning.

This PURVIEW is aimed at discussions on advanced diagnostic and prognostic tools available for COPD. The program also includes discussion on choosing right pharmacotherapy and Role of Pulmonary Rehabilitation at hospital and at home.

The new ultra-minimally invasive surgical treatments (uMISTs) might offer fast and effective relief from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without negatively impacting the quality of life in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Steam injection, prostate artery embolization, intraprostatic injection of fexapotide triflutate, implantation of a prostatic urethral lift and the temporary implantable nitinol device (TIND) had a minimal impact on patients' sexual function with respect to baseline, especially with respect to preservation of ejaculation.

ORAL Standard study is a randomized, phase 3 clinical trial evaluating efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study ,tofacitinib demonstrated superior efficacy compared to placebo in RA patients receiving background methotrexate.

Spirometry has a pivotal role to play in diagnosis of Obstructive Airway Diseases. This webcast is aimed at giving all basic details of Spirometry including how to perform an interpret Spirometry as per ERS/ATS Guidelines 2019. The talks are followed by case study discussion and panel discussion from the experts.

This fact sheet contains the factual details about the drug molnupiravir, its restricted use under emergency situation, dosage, side effects etc. for healthcare givers and recipients.

In this video, the speaker has discussed the role and selection criteria for viscosupplementation use post-arthroscopic surgery.

ORAL Step study assessed effectiveness of tofacitinib with methotrexate in adult RA patients with inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Results showed that treatment with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice a day along with background methotrexate resulted in rapid, significant, and clinically meaningful improvements in RA patients who were TNFi-IR compared to placebo.

This document addresses frequently asked questions related to oral antiviral drug Molnupiravir in the treatment of Covid-19.

This educational input provides patient counselling information as per prescribing information on Hydroxychloroquine tablets regarding its therapeutic usage, important precautions and possible side effects.

This educational input provides patient counselling information as per prescribing information on methotrexate tablets regarding its therapeutic usage, important precautions and possible side effects.

This educational input provides patient counselling information as per prescribing information on Tofacitinib tablets regarding its therapeutic usage, important precautions and possible side effects.

This educational input provides patient counselling information as per prescribing information on Leflunomide tablets regarding its therapeutic usage, important precautions and possible side effects.

Oral iron supplementation after intravenous (IV) 500 mg iron sucrose treatment resulted in a marginal increase in the hemoglobin levels at 6 weeks after delivery in women with postpartum anemia. Addition of oral iron supplement did not improve the iron storage parameters or quality of life, thereby conferring no clinically significant benefits. IV iron sucrose 500 mg alone is effective in treating postpartum anemia.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Dr Jagdish Hiremath talks about heart failure management.

Treatment with ipratropium bromide and salbutamol reduced the risk of hospital admission and might improve clinical outcomes, especially in children and adolescents with severe and moderate to severe asthma exacerbation. Nevertheless, well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large sample size are needed for research to assess the efficacy of this combination in the treatment of asthmatic children and adolescents.

The present study is a prospective randomized study comparing Ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) alone versus LIFT with the adjunct injection of PRP (platelet-rich plasma). The data suggested that treatment with LIFT-PRP is feasible and safe and is associated with good healing rates in patients with trans sphincteric fistula.

A single subcutaneous REGEN-COV injection prevented symptomatic Covid-19 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously uninfected household contacts of infected persons. Administration of REGEN-COV resulted in shorter duration of symptoms and reduced the duration of high viral load, among the participants who became infected.

The present study is the post hoc analysis of BREATHE trial, The analysis aimed to explored the risk factors for acute respiratory exacerbations in children with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy and co-morbid chronic lung disease. The study found that presence of an abnormal respiratory rate at baseline and having a baseline CD4 count <200/mm³ were main risk factors in the study population.

The study demonstrated that 6-month treatment with cyclosporine A 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops was associated with reduced inflammation and improved ocular parameters in patients with dry eye disease.

The results of this study revealed good viral suppression and ALT normalization after switching to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. The renal function stabilized after 48 weeks of TAF therapy. The body weight and body mass index which had decreased during TDF therapy, regained after switching to TAF.

This study demonstrated that treatment with low dose perampanel (≤4 mg/day) was effective and safe over a period of 3 years in patients with focal onset epilepsy.

The present study compared the results of the Lichtenstein repair with the Desarda repair in the treatment of inguinal hernias. The study found that Desarda repair was associated with superior outcomes compared to Lichtenstein repair.

The study demonstrated that adjunctive brivaracetam was effective, safe and well-tolerated in adult epilepsy patients with uncontrolled partial-onset sezures

Bladder training (BT) along with intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVES) significantly improved the clinical parameters as well as incontinence-related quality of life than BT alone in women with idiopathic overactive bladder.

This webinar helps understand and simplify the diagnosis of severe asthma in your patients and explores the role of various biologics with a focus on Omalizumab in the management of severe asthma patients.

Amongst patients undergoing ND:YAG laser capsulotomy following a cataract surgery, brimonidine and dorzolamide+timolol produced similar reduction in IOP. A combination of Dorzolamide-timolol might be a better choice in patients at high risk of IOP attacks.

A preservative-free formulation of brimonidine-timolol fixed dose combination demonstrated an efficacy and safety profile that was similar to preservative containing formulation in OAG patients.

Treatment with omalizumab for up to 1 year was found to be effective and safe in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who demonstrate inadequate response to nasal corticosteroids. Omalizumab is a viable, longer-term alternative in patients with CRSwNP with inadequate response to nasal corticosteroids.

This webinar explores the potential of fluticasone-formoterol combination for the management of asthma and the role of simpler inhaler devices in achieving optimal asthma control.

Saddle block induced by the combination of 15 mg 0.5% bupivacaine and 50 μg fentanyl seems to be a preferrable option in HoLEP due to rapid sensory regression time and weaker postoperative motor blockade with stable hemodynamic changes. Saddle block was associated with more rapid onset and effective sensory block.

This is the first prospective randomised controlled trial to address the duration of antibiotic treatment for children with chronic wet cough suspected of having PBB. The study showed that 4-week course of amoxicillin–clavulanate improved symptom control during a 6-month follow-up with a significant 4-times increase in time to next wet cough exacerbation.

Long-term treatment with bilastine was found to be effective, safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. The significant improvement in the symptoms was maintained for the duration of the study, with no loss of drug efficacy.

Intranasal midazolam was as effective as intravenous/rectal benzodiazepines for aborting acute seizures in pediatric patients. The drug appears to be a promising agent in such cases due to its ease of administration.

The present study assessed the effect of long-term treatment with azithromycin on airways wall thickness in patients with severe persistent asthma (SPA). The study showed that eight months of treatment with azithromycin was associated with a marked increase in RB1 lumen radius and lumen area in patients with severe persistent asthma (SPA).

According to the secondary analysis of the GUIDE IT trial, patients with HFrEF and comorbidities such as AF, a lower BMI, or worse renal function are less likely to achieve a lower or target NT-proBNP.

This pooled-post hoc analysis demonstrated that adjunctive treatment with brivaracetam was associated with sustained, long-term reduction in the frequency of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure in adult patients. The drug was generally well-tolerated and was associated with improved HQoL in the patients.

The GAN Phase I study provides standardized global estimates  and trend over three decades in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms in school children.

The study demonstrated that adjunctive treatment with perampanel 4 mg/day and 8 mg/day was effective and safe in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures, with/without secondary generalization.

The BRIVAFIRST study demonstrated that adjunctive brivaracetam treatment was effective and safe in patients with focal epilepsy, irrespective of the prior use of anti-seizure medication.

Combination of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol was effective in reducing the hyperandrogenic symptoms in women. The menstrual cycles were normalised in 3 cycles. Acne and hirsutism completely resolved after 6 cycles of treatment. The treatment was well tolerated in all but one who had severe headache and nausea.

In this video, the speaker has discussed about patient selection criteria for Viscosupplementation in Osteoarthritic patients.

This post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial discusses various mediators that influence the empagliflozin-associated improvement in heart failure outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

This talk explains about various novel therapies in the treatment of metastatic RCC, from Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor to immunotherapies and combinations.

Nasal irrigations with sulfurous-arsenical-ferruginous thermal water resulted in reduction of nasal resistances, increase in the number of ciliated cells and a significant improvement in the endoscopic findings as compared to isotonic sodium chloride solution in smokers with nonallergic chronic rhinitis.

The present study reports the final overall survival results from the METEOR study that compared the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib versus everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The findings showed that treatment with cabozantinib was associated with a significant increase in overall survival.

This analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that empagliflozin treatment in T2DM patients was associated with reduced serum uric acid level and reduced risk of gout or prescription for antigout medication.

The CELESTIAL trial demonstrated that cabozantinib, compared with placebo improved the survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

CABOSUN trial assessed overall survival and progression free survival cabozantinib versus sunitinib as initial targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The study showed that cabozantinib treatment significantly prolonged progression free survival compared with sunitinib as initial systemic therapy for advanced RCC of poor or intermediate risk.

Glaucoma medications may worsen eye dryness though to a limited extent. Clinicians must consider that these medications may limit near activity and social functioning in the patient, though they do not worsen the quality of life of the glaucoma patient.

In his talk, doctor gives his expert comments on the various obstetrics & gynaecology conditions in which the efficacy & safety of misoprostol is well established.

Topical dorzolamide 2% appears to be an effective, affordable and safe therapy for treating non-refractory diabetic cystoid macular edema.

Saline nasal irrigation (SNI) was associated with improvement in clinical rhinological symptoms, and the long-term use reduced the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and their complications. SNI was safe and well tolerated by children with acute URTIs. However, it did not result in an improvement in the respiratory symptoms.

According to the findings of the study, adjunctive perampanel 8 mg and 12 mg were effective and safe for the treatment of partial onset seizure.

This talk explains about various therapies in the management of GE junction Tumors; Immunotherapy in adjuvant and Metastatic Setting and Guidelines.

This talk explains about recent updates in Lymphoma in the year 2021, focusing on CLL, MCL & Malt Lymphoma treatment.

This talk explains about various therapies in the treatment of prostate cancer and the side effects associated with the therapies. This session also helps to understand various guidelines in the management of adverse events, specifically improving the bone health; focusing on bisphosphonate and other therapies.

This talk explains about various novel therapies in the treatment of ovarian cancer; ranging from Chemotherapy, Systemic Therapy, PARP inhibitors, Monoclonal Antibodies, Genomics Testing and various future therapies.

This talk explains about various novel therapies in the treatment of Endometrial cancer ranging from Chemotherapy, Targeted therapies, Anti-angiogenic Agent, PARP inhibitors, Monoclonal Antibodies, Immunotherapy  and various future therapies.

This talk explains about various updates in management of mCRC in 2021 focusing on HER2 directed therapies, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and combination therapies.

This talk discusses various therapies, current and future, in the treatment of Non-Clear cell RCC.

This talk explains about various novel therapies (monoclonal antibodies, Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor and Antibody Drug Conjugate) in the treatment of early HER2+ breast cancer focusing on patient profile.

This session talks about novel therapies in Multiple Myeloma resulting in more options with impressive response rates.

This talk explains about ESCAT Guidelines that aim to prioritize cancer genomic abnormalities as marker to select patients for targeted therapies.

This talk explains about various Current & Future therapies in the management of Follicular Lymphoma beyond Chemotherapy.

This talk explains about various novel therapies in the treatment of metastatic Triple negative breast cancer (chemotherapy , immunotherapy and Antibody Drug Conjugate and future therapies).

There is significant deterioration in the respiratory mechanics at night in the COPD patients.Evening bronchodilator treatment was clinically beneficial in these patients and resulted in sustained overnight improvements in dynamic respiratory mechanics and inspiratory neural drive compared with placebo.

The study demonstrates a substantial prevalence of H. influenzae in children affected with acute otitis media. The study also provides data on overall up-to-date trend on antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae in children.

The study demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was prevalent in under-5 children, dwelling in slums in Mumbai, India. Sun-exposure, male gender, and calcium and vitamin D supplementations during infancy may be protective against VDD among under-five children.

Luteal phase supplementation with oral natural micronized progesterone sustained release formulations was effective and well tolerated and might be a good alternative to conventional formulations due to once-daily convenient dosing in women with unexplained infertility undergoing IUI.

The results of this network meta-analysis of real-world evidence support the GINA recommendation that SMART should be considered as an ideal choice in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma, irrespective of the dose of ICS used in the formulation. SMART was associated with significant reduction in the risk of severe exacerbation in adults with moderate to severe asthma.

Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation is associated with mild side effects and a superior clinical efficacy as compared to isotonic saline nasal irrigation in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation significantly improved the nasal symptoms and ciliary movement, but demonstrated no significant difference in imaging findings and smell improvement.

This talk explains various novel therapies in the treatment of metastatic HER2+ breast cancer from monoclonal antibodies , Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor and Antibody Drug Conjugate and various future therapies.Dr Ashish Singh

The present study determined the impacts of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg (TDF/FTC) on demand verses daily PrEP   regimens on their coverage of condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) in men who have sex with men (MSM). The study showed that both daily and on-demand PrEP provided similar coverage of sex acts, which were tolerated and accepted by MSM.

This study presents the 5-year long-term results of EORTC-NCIC trial evaluating survival outcomes with radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone in patients with glioblastoma. The study showed that combined initial treatment for glioblastoma with temozolomide and radiotherapy improves survival compared with radiotherapy alone.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) related symptoms are a major cause of parental concern and referrals at all ages. Here is an infographic on the recent ISPGHAN guidelines that has been framed to inform Indian pediatricians regarding current recommendations on diagnosis and management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). 

BCG strains – TICE and RIVM were associated with better recurrence-free survival outcomes as compared to Connaught when administered with a maintenance protocol in intermediate-/high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients (NMIBCs). The findings confirmed the importance of re-TUR in intermediate-/high-risk NMIBCs and is associated with longer progression-free survival and RFS outcomes. TICE had superior RFS outcomes than the other strains after stratifying for re-TUR.

Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity are at a substantially higher risk of obesity-related outcomes as compared with individuals with metabolically healthy non-obesity as well as those with metabolically unhealthy non-obesity. Weight management should therefore be recommended in obese individuals irrespective of their metabolic status.

The findings of this exploratory analysis suggested lamotrigine to be effective for treating the core symptoms of depression in patients with acute bipolar depression.

Treatment with tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 24 weeks in women with high viral load, demonstrated similar efficacy in reducing the HBV DNA to levels associated with minimal transmission risk in infants who receive complete passive-active immunoprophylaxis.

Tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy is more effective in reducing the stone expulsion time with lesser need for analgesics than tadalafil in the treatment of distal ureteral calculi.

This post hoc analysis demonstrated adjunctive BRV to be effective and generally well tolerated in adults with focal seizures, irrespective of the number of previous ASMs.

Carvedilol/ivabradine have a proven chemical-pharmaceutical quality and are considered an approvable fixed-dose combination. Both carvedilol and ivabradine are well known, established substances, which are used as a combination in clinical practice. The clinical data on concomitant use are considered sufficient to support the fixed-dose combination in patients with CHF who are on a stable fixed dose regimen with both monocomponents. Combining ivabradine to carvedilol in patients with stable IHF or patients with systolic HF in sinus rhythm with heart rate >70 bpm is associated with better heart rate reduction, improvement of quality of life, and reduced rehospitalization.

Sublingual grass pollen immunotherapy for 2 years did not result in any significant improvements in nasal response to allergen challenge after 1 year of discontinuation as compared to placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Casirivimab and imdevimab are human, non-competing, high-affinity, IgG1 (immunoglobulin G1)-neutralising monoclonal antibodies produced by recombinant DNA technology and are to be administered together either intravenously or subcutaneously. Each antibody targets a different region of the S-proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and, hence, prevents interaction of the S-proteins with the ACE-2 receptors, leading to inhibition of infectivity of the host cells.

Most physicians focused on the prevention of asthma symptoms over exacerbations. ICS/formoterol was the preferred symptom reliever as per the GINA report. The survey findings demonstrated a lack of awareness and understanding of MART dosing among physicians. There is a need for improved education and strategies to implement GINA recommendations effectively in real-world clinical practice.

The FIGARO-DKD trial demonstrated that as compared with placebo, treatment with finerenone improved the CV outcomes in patients with T2DM and CKD.

This patient education sheet provides information on Psoriatic arthritis disorder- its causes, risk factors, symptoms, complications, management and treatment options.

This input provides a manual guidance with instructions to perform various Hand exercises especially pertaining to small joints of hands and wrist for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and highlights benefits of these exercises to improve fine movements and joint function of RA patients.

This input provides a manual guidance with steps and positions instructions to perform various types of Ankylosing spondylitis exercises, highlighting the importance and benefits of physiotherapy and exercises in AS which may aid patients to keep the spine strong and flexible, improve posture, and improve their muscle strength.

This patient education sheet provides information on Ankylosing spondylitis disease- its causes, risk factors, symptoms, complications, management, and treatment options.

Amongst patients with POAG, a thrice-a day regimen of a fixed-dose combination of timolol/dorzolamide provided superior IOP reduction as compared with a twice-a day regimen, without any additional safety concerns.

The permit study demonstrated long-term perampanel treatment to be effective and generally well tolerated in patients with focal epilepsy in everyday clinical practice.

Fluticasone nasal steroidal spray (FNSS) was associated with a rapid relief of clinical symptoms within 2 days as compared to 1 week with levocetirizine in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). FNSS demonstrated a better safety profile than levocetirizine, making it a better choice in the treatment of AR.

BRAAVE study is the randomized phase 3 study evaluating efficacy and safety of   switching to fixed-dose combination of B/F/TAF vs continuing baseline regimen (SBR) in virologically suppressed adults. The study demonstrated that switching to B/F/TAF from a variety of baseline suppressive regimens was efficacious and safe.

This study compared the pharmacological effects of teriparatide on collapse progression of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (NOFH) and to compare these effects with alendronate. The study showed that the treatment with teriparatide resulted in lesser collapse progression of the femoral head than that by alendronate. 

Nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline solution significantly reduced the severity of respiratory distress as well as the length of hospital stay and increased the time of sleep at night as compared with 0.9% saline solution among children with acute bronchiolitis. 

Intravenous (IV) iron sucrose therapy significantly increased haemoglobin, serum ferritin and other haematological parameters in pregnant women with moderate anaemia. The side effects with IV iron sucrose therapy were negligible and can be a better alternative to intramuscular therapy due to injection related side effects.

This study compared efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus everolimus combination and single-agent lenvatinib with the standard dose of single-agent everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had disease progression after one previous VEGF-targeted therapy. The study demonstrated highest level of efficacy is associated with the combination regimen of lenvatinib plus everolimus, consisting of a contribution from each single agent.

In his talk, Doctor gives the KPIs around quality control in biopsy & PGT from an Embryologist’s perspective.

In her talk, doctor shares data on various KPIs that set IVF lab benchmark.

In his talk, doctor elaborates on the role of culture media that is at the centre of all ART procedures & related quality control factors.

The present study is the retrospective analyses evaluating efficacy of single dose zoledronic acid treatment in patients with transient osteoporosis of hip (TOH). Treatment with single-dose intravenous zoledronic acid was associated with early pain relief and complete reversal of TOH. None of the patients progressed to avascular necrosis at their last follow-up.

Nasal irrigation with 0.9% saline along with intranasal corticosteroid (INS) and antihistamine demonstrated greater improvements in the symptoms as compared to INS and antihistamine only in the patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Along with efficacy, nasal saline irrigation is safe, cost effective and convenient to use, making it a potential adjunct therapy in the treatment of AR.

Latest guidelines on imaging are now available for pulmonologists. This webcast is an attempt to provide guidance to the viewers on how to request and interpret HRCT reports. Moreover, advanced technologies in Imaging in chest diseases are discussed in length by the experts in this PURVIEW.

In Obstructive Airway Disease management – poor inhalation technique leads to poor clinical outcomes. This PURVIEW webcast entails guidance to viewers as to how to correct inhalation technique, how to choose the right inhalers and novel drug delivery systems available in Indian scenario.

This is case-control study compared serum vitamin D levels among males with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and healthy controls. The mean serum 25-(OH)D level significantly differed between patients and controls. The severity of AGA showed a positive correlation with the serum vitamin D levels. 

The present study evaluated efficacy and safety of cefpodoxime empirical treatment in adult patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections. The study found that treatment with cefpodoxime was associated with high cure rates for acute maxillary sinusitis and acute tonsilopharyngitis and a favorable safety and tolerability profile.

Administration of vaginal micronized progesterone at the start of luteal phase improved the pregnancy success rates in a strictly defined cohort of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The authors of this study recommend molecular analysis of luteal phase endometrium to identify the women who can be benefitted the most with vaginal progesterone given from the start of the luteal phase.

The study demonstrated that long-term adjunctive treatment (up to 36 months) with lacosamide was effective, safe and well-tolerated in epilepsy patients with uncontrolled focal seizures.

In his talk, doctor provides his experience of medical therapy with dienogest in adolescent girls and reproductive age-group women with endometriosis.

NEBUFLO is an active mesh nebulizer that converts liquid medication into aerosol/mist that can easily be inhaled by patients. It is portable, easy to clean, and offers hassle free usage. It is a suitable option for patients with respiratory disorders on nebulization at home, hospital, clinics & nursing homes. NEBUFLO device package comes with main unit, medication cup, mouthpiece, face mask & adapter.

The present randomised controlled study compared efficacy of gatifloxacin and ceftriaxone in patients with uncomplicated enteric fever. The study found no difference in outcomes between patients receiving gatifloxacin and ceftriaxone.

PCOS is an endocrine disorder commonly presenting with irregular periods, hirsutism, infertility and also a link to metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. The booklet gives a brief on the disorder with focus on clinical efficacy of the COC containing cyproterone acetate & ethinylestradiol as well as the insulin sensitizing effects of inositols.

The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity profile of the biosimilar ranibizumab formulation was comparable with that of the innovator reference product. The biosimilar may thus be considered as a viable alternative for the innovator product for treating neovascular (wet) AMD.

This leaflet gives information about benefits of breastfeeding for mother and baby, optimal time and positions as well as importance of nutrition.

This post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that amongst T2DM patients with established ASCVD, significant benefits of empagliflozin treatment in terms of reduced risk of HHF, CV death/HHF, and CV death were evident within weeks of treatment initiation and were sustained over a long-term.

Reliever therapy with as-needed budesonide-formoterol (BUD-FORM) was superior to as-needed terbutaline and significantly reduced the rate of severe exacerbations and demonstrated similar efficacy to BUD maintenance in terms of symptom control and lung function in adolescents with mild asthma. As-needed BUD-FORM can be considered as an ideal alternative in adolescents with mild asthma, which can avoid daily maintenance treatment.

Long-term treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) was effective and well tolerated and improved the levels of ALP, ALT, and AST, irrespective of baseline ALP and total bilirubin in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Highlights from EULAR virtual congress 2020 conference regarding latest advances and updates in the field of rheumatology.

The findings of the study revealed that 25 µg of vaginal misoprostol at 4 hours intervals is safer and more effective cervical ripening and labor induction agent than oxytocin.

The study demonstrated that adjunctive therapy with perampanel provided long-term seizure control in Indian patients. The efficacy and safety outcomes of perampanel remained similar for Indian and non-Indian patients.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted endoradiotherapy/radioligand therapy (PRLT) with small-molecule, urea-based agents labeled with the β-particle–emitting radionuclide lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu) is highly effective and safe in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PRLT was associated with relatively high number of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responders coupled with low rate of severe toxicity. This systematic review and meta-analysis might be valuable to the clinicians who can balance the risks and benefits of this novel therapy in CRPC.

This study provides first head-to-head comparison on the efficacy and safety of three PGAs for treating patients with POAG or NTG. The study demonstrated tafluprost, travoprost and latanoprost to have similar efficacy and safety profile as a first-line treatment for glaucoma.

According to this post hoc analysis of the EDICT study, insulin secretion predicts the need for insulin therapy at the time of T2DM diagnosis, irrespective of the antidiabetic treatment. A cut-off of 1.7 for CPEP₁₂₀/CPEP₀ may have a valuable role in individualizing glucose-lowering therapy in patients with new-onset T2DM and poor glycemic control.

The subgroup analysis of the GALACTIC-HF trial demonstrates that the therapeutic benefits of omecamtiv mecarbil increase progressively with the decreasing EF in patients with HFrEF. Patients with more severe HF may thus derive greater clinical benefits from cardiac myosin activator therapy.

Afebrile infants with acute otitis media (AOM) have a low incidence of invasive bacterial infections and adverse events. Outpatient management of such patients without diagnostic testing may thus be a feasible alternative.

Self-administered 400 microg of vaginal misoprostol 12 to 24 hours before hysteroscopy significantly reduced the force required to dilate the cervix and reduced the pain with no serious side effects. Misoprostol can be considered for cervical priming since its inexpensive, easy to use and safe.

Posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) with or without pharyngeal neurectomy (PN) is safe and effective bringing about similar improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Combined PNN and PN is a better surgical treatment option than PNN alone in AR patients with chronic coug

The present study is a systematic review evaluating long-term efficacy and safety of alendronate in adults with avascular osteonecrosis. The findings suggests alendronate use for adult AVN, partic­ularly with early stage and small necrotic size.

Long-term treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) is associated with durable improvements in ALP, ALT, AST and GGT as well as stabilization of normal bilirubin in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), irrespective of age or sex.

In his talk, doctor describes the embryo culture environment and their significance in IVF practice.

The group discusses embryo fragmentation, its pathophysiology & probable causes, scoring system and probable management.

In his talk, the speaker gives an overview of embryo culture system and effects of OIL, the key component, on temperature, pH & osmolality, the differences between heavy & light oils, QC tests for oil toxicity screening & how can one minimize associated risks.

The 2 experts give their views on which is the best method for embryo incubation, the advantages & disadvantages of each with relevant & supporting clinical data.

In his talk, doctor aims to demonstrate physiologic concentrations of O₂ for oocytes & embryos, O₂ utilization by embryos & its role in embryo gene expression & metabolism, and, finally, human IVF in low v/s high O₂.

BREVACTA study evaluated long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) every 2 weeks (q2w) over 2 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). The study showed that efficacy and safety of TCZ-SC q2w were maintained over 96 weeks.

Expert’s views on cough in children; common cause of cough, identification of cause of cough based on clinical representation, red flags & associated risk factors.

This sub-analysis of the COMPASS trial demonstrated that patients with chronic CAD or PAD treated with rivaroxaban-aspirin combination had a reduced risk of all-cause and CV-specific mortality as compared to those treated with aspirin alone.

Dr Arindam Pande talks about case of recent hospitalisation for AMI

Dr Arindam Pande talks about the case of patient having hypertension with discomfort & fatigue.

Dr Arindam Pande talks about case of patient having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

The efficacy of as-needed fluticasone furoate (FF) in terms of nasal symptoms and quality of life was similar to the regular use of FF in patients with moderate to severe persistent perennial allergic rhinitis. Although the cumulative dose of intranasal corticosteroid in the FF-as-needed group was half as compared to the FF-regular group, the symptom control was probably less sustained throughout the 6 weeks of treatment.

Information about general measures to manage fungal infections of the skin and nails, hygiene tips, how to prevent its spread.

The salvage ureteroscopy (URS) after previous unsuccessful shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) had similar stone free rates, duration of surgery and postoperative complications, demonstrating comparable efficacy and safety to primary URS.

This study evaluated efficacy of long-term intermittent azithromycin therapy in reducing the frequency of exacerbation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results showed that long-term intermittent azithromycin therapy was associated with significant reductions in acute exacerbations and was well tolerated.

The findings of this study revealed that a higher indoor bacterial diversity in early life might lower the risk of allergic rhinitis later in childhood. This analysis demonstrates environment-dependent heterogeneity in the associations with inhalant atopy and suggests that specific constituents of the diversity might be relevant.

The present study compared efficacy and safety of lipid based topical formulation of minoxidil and finasteride with minoxidil alone in patients with androgenetic alopecia. The study showed clinically significant improvement with combination in terms of hair growth as compared to minoxidil (5%) alone.

Perampanel was an effective and safe add-on drug for treating patients with FOS, particularly those affected with FBTCS.

This study evaluated efficacy and tolerability of a 3-day course of azithromycin in adults with mild to moderately severe community acquired pneumonia. The study showed that 3-day course of azithromycin is an effective first-line treatment for adults with mild to moderately severe community acquired pneumonia

Patients with mild asthma previously treated with short-acting β-agonists (SABA) alone and randomized to as-needed budesonide-formoterol had fewer severe exacerbations than those on twice daily budesonide. As-needed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol should be preferred to as-needed SABA alone in patients whose asthma is controlled on maintenance low-dose ICS. Both these low dose ICS therapies are associated with significant reduction in exacerbations and hence are safer than switching to SABA-only treatment.

In his talk, doctor focusses on the importance of pH, various factors affecting pH, measuring right pH and what can happen if pH is wrong.

The neuropeptides especially the substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). The nasal neurotransmitters and neuropeptides might have more important roles in allergic diseases than those of ocular origin.

SUMMACTA Trial evaluated long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tocilizumab versus intravenous TCZ, including switching formulations, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The study reported long term efficacy and sustained ACR responses with subcutaneous tocilizumab over 96 weeks.

This real-world study demonstrated that intravitreal ranibizumab injections improved the BCVA and CMT in patients with nAMD when administered using a treat and extend protocol for 3 years. The clinical benefits of ranibizumab were similar to that of intravitreal aflibercept.

The study demonstrated that HbA1c levels are associated with SA. Routine use of HbA1c along with tradition CV risk factors can help in better identification of asymptomatic individuals at high risk of SA

Asthma does not seem to be a potential premorbid condition in Covid-19 patients as per the findings of this systematic review. There is a possibility that the clinicians and researchers are not accurately describing the premorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19 and this could worsen the prognosis of Covid-19 patients.

The study demonstrated perampanel to be effective and safe for adult and pediatric epilepsy patients. The effectiveness achieved at 12 months was maintained at 24 months and even at 36 and 48 months. 

Dr. Sudipta talks on appropriate dosages for colistin, the last resort antibiotic in immunocompromised patients , in IV and nebulization and also highlights usage in current scenario.

The current network meta-analysis (NMA) offers most mature and robust comparisons with respect to overall survival (OS) outcomes of treatment with darolutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide in high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Darolutamide demonstrated highest efficacy and safety as compared to the other 2 drugs. However, enzalutamide had the highest efficacy in patients with PSA-DT ≤ 6 months. Heterogeneity with respect to study design, maturity, cohort characteristics and follow-up duration should be considered in the interpretation of the current NMA.

In her talk, doctor concentrates on temperature & temperature tolerance as a factor in the process of oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development. 

In his talk, doctor briefs about the importance of osmolarity in IVF and the impact low or high osmolarity can have on the embryo.

The prevalence of AF varies widely across the global. Despite the high risk of stroke associated with AF, the use of antithrombotics is less common in countries with poorer income setting.

The present study evaluated safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in people with HIV (PLHIV) in a well characterised UK cohort. The study demonstrated that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine given as prime-boost dosing given 4–6 weeks apart was well tolerated and produced equivalent immune responses in people living with HIV who are well controlled on ART compared with a similar adult population without HIV. These findings suggested that no dose adjustment is required in PLHIV on ART with CD4 counts >350 cells/µl.

Long-term supplementation with oral natural micronized progesterone sustained release (NMP SR) formulations is effective and safe in high-risk pregnancies with risk factors for bad obstetric history or preterm birth. The preferred dose of NMP SR was 300 mg, initiated between 16 to 26 weeks and continued upto 34 weeks. Long-term supplementation with NMP SR was well tolerated with no adverse health outcomes.

This leaflet gives information about common signs and symptoms most women face during pregnancy, including, nausea, vomiting, acidity, constipation, dizziness, etc. and their management in a patient-friendly language.

This leaflet gives information about what basic self-care one should follow and how, e.g. hygiene, sex, travel, work and weight gain in a patient-friendly language. 

This leaflet gives information about importance of nutrition and key nutrients before and during pregnancy as well as after delivery for the woman and her infant in a patient-friendly language.

This leaflet gives information about few health problems some women may experience during pregnancy, and few alert signs that call for immediate attention of the doctor, in a patient-friendly language. 

This leaflet gives information about key things to remember after delivery, such as breastfeeding, contraception, nutrition, exercise, follow-up visit and infant care.

This leaflet gives information about benefits of, things-to-follow while and when to stop exercising during pregnancy. 

Expert views on cough in children; its types & assessment.

Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LUL) followed by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) demonstrated superior stone-free rates and lesser need for auxiliary procedures as compared to shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) and seems to be the most effective surgical modality in the treatment of large upper ureteric stones.

The present study is a 96-week resistance analysis of AMBER and EMERALD trials, evaluating efficacy and safety of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in HIV -1 adults patients. The 96-week treatment with D/C/F/TAF once-daily single tablet regimen showed no treatment-emergent darunavir, primary PI or tenofovir RAMs were observed in the HIV-1 in   treatment-naïve and -experienced adults living with HIV-1.

This study demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring may improve glycemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin.

Dr Walke provides simple solutions such as printing pregnancy profile or format of pre-op investigations, flowcharts, etc. to tackle forgetfulness in clinical practice.

Dr Walke talks about how maintaining OPD records can help in defending a case in favour of the doctor, if relevant.

Dr Walke talks about obstetric emergencies such as haemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, sudden IUFD, etc. and the related medicolegal aspects.

According to the findings of the study, prolonging DAPT beyond 1 year in ESC/EACTS guideline-endorsed high thrombotic risk patients, reduced the risk of MACCE without any increase in the risk of bleeding when compared with DAPT ≤1 year.

Smoking did not negatively impact the quality of life and atopic inflammatory markers in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The serum IL-33 levels were significantly lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers, which probably explains the lack of symptoms cautioning smokers of the harmful effects of smoking.

The present study confirmed the frequent coexistence of GERD and FC in children. Appropriate treatment of FC may alleviate the symptoms of GERD in this patient population.

Dr Patel provides efficacy and importance of PGT/PGS in IVF and shares her experience in conditions such as male factor, recurrent failure, miscarriage, advanced age, etc.

Dr Patel shares details of MACS, a technique routinely used in clinical immunology and haematology and its indications of use.

Dr Patel shares protocol of using PRP injection in case of refractory endometrium with a history of 3 failed IVF cycles 

Dr Patel gives an inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as methods for ovarian rejuvenation, including her experience at the centre.

Dr Patel gives options such as ACCUVIT protocol, changing the protocol, ovarian rejuvenation, donor eggs to treat poor responders.

Dr Walke provides suggestions such as taking consent, having a Neonatologist, documentation, etc. to safeguard oneself in case of instrumental deliveries.

Dr Walke gives brief on how one can defend a medicolegal case of obstetric emergency by confirming stock of life saving drugs & their expiry, ensuring oxygen cylinder is full and equipment are checked, etc.

Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) treatment was associated with lower incidence of acute exacerbations and slowed down the decline of FEV₁. IND/GLY did not increase the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and has an adequate safety profile.

Treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) might be associated with increased risks of bone loss and renal deficits as compared to entecavir (ETV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

The study demonstrated that amongst children undergoing assessment for GER, presence of salivary pepsin A was associated with GER episodes even in presence of acid suppression.

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates lamotrigine to be safe and effective add-on therapy for treating focal epilepsy in children and adolescents.

Indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) demonstrated better efficacy with respect to lung function, health-related quality of life, dyspnea, rescue medication use and exacerbations in current smokers as well as ex-smokers as compared with salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC). The differences were generally more prominent in current smokers suggesting that smoking might decrease the effects of SFC.

The present study compared the clinical efficacy of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids with traditional surgery for outlet obstructive constipation. The study results showed that procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids is a better choice for treatment of outlet obstructive constipation caused by internal rectal prolapse with circumferential hemorrhoids when compared to the traditional surgery.

Most pulmonologists are up to date and understand the relevance of the changes in GINA reports from 2019 and are willing to include them in their clinical practice. Nevertheless, dissemination and implementation of GINA novel management strategy is still warranted.

Treatment with delayed-release oral mesalazine resulted in significant clinical and statistical improvements in quality of life of patients with moderately and mildly active ulcerative colitis (UC) by 3 weeks, with further improvement at 6 weeks. Daily mesalazine dose did not predict QoL improvement. Patient’s clinical response to therapy was a predictor of improved QoL.

Large volume low pressure nasal saline irrigation (LVLP NSI) combined with fluticasone propionate (FP) was effective and could be a new line of therapy for the treatment of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis, either by itself or combined with standard therapy.

Get to know recent updates in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2021 guidelines for pediatric asthma, which has now recommended the use of formoterol/budesonide in children as maintenance and reliever therapy (MART)

This study evaluated preventive effect of S. boulardii on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea development in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea on antibiotic therapy. Results showed that Saccharomyces boulardii resulted in reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients.

A very high pregnancy rate of 71.1% was demonstrated by a novel formulation which could be a promising first-line oral treatment for female infertility.This innovative product contains standardized chasteberry extract, standardized green tea extract along with antioxidants, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.

Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FP ANS) 200 µg once daily in the morning is safe and effective therapy for perennial allergic rhinitis (AR). FP ANS 200 µg once daily is as effective as FP 100 µg twice daily or beclomethasone dipropionate 168 µg twice daily for the treatment of perennial AR.

This study demonstrated lacosamide to be effective and safe in pediatric patients with epilepsy, resulting in substantial reduction in seizure frequency.

The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that permanent sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is not only beneficial in patients with various neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions (nLUTDs) but also has high overall success rates, similar to idiopathic patients. SNM was found to be safe in such patients. However, prospective trials with more vigorous study designs and/or registries are warranted before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

This large-scale study demonstrates no increased risk of lower limb amputation with SGLT-2i other antidiabetic drugs in T2DM patients. T2DM patients with PAD had an increased risk of amputation.

AF patients with concomitant LD have a high risk for major adverse events. Treatment with OAC in such patients is clinically beneficial.

This post hoc analysis of the CANVAS program demonstrated that T2DM patients using diuretics at baseline had greater reduction in the incidence of MACE when treated with canagliflozin.

The findings of the study suggest that the combination of an antibiotic and a bronchosecretolytic such as azithromycin and acetylcysteine may be useful in the treatment of chronic OME in pediatric patients.

The study demonstrated sOPP to be a determinant of RVD. Furthermore, treatment with D/T or B/T significantly improved RVA in POAG patients experiencing RVD while on timolol 0.5% alone.

The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters achieved in two-step and extended regimens of imipenem were comparable in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock.  A higher dose (1.0 g q8h) should be considered for target achievement at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of > 8 μg/ml.

This long-term study demonstrated safety and efficacy data of brivaracetam to be safe, effective and well-tolerated for treating focal or generalized onset seizures in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy.

This study provides real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of brivaracetam in patients with different epilepsies.

In his talk, doctor gives a perspective of iron deficiency anaemia burden in women, and especially the importance of nutrition, such as iron, folic acid, etc. from conception, through pregnancy, to lactation.

This infographic summarises the key points of the STOIC study and outlines the benefits of administering inhaled budesonide in early COVID-19 infection.

The results obtained in the Poise trial on efficacy, safety and tolerability of obeticholic acid (OCA) can be reproduced in real-world conditions in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Patients with cirrhosis had lower tolerability and might need optimization of pruritus control before starting OCA and during the treatment. OCA therapy might benefit patients with overlap PBC-autoimmune hepatitis (PBC-AIH), who demonstrated higher ALT reduction at 6 months compared with patients with pure PBC.

This Indian study demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with intracameral moxifloxacin reduced the incidence of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis in rural Indian setting.

In this video, the speaker has discussed cases relevant to long bone tumours.

In this video, the speaker has discussed cases relevant to pathological fractures.

In this video, the speaker has discussed different theories of bone metastasis and associated complications along with relevant cases.

In this video, the speakers have discussed the cases relevant to osteoporotic fractures.

Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for Lung and Pancreatic cancer. This input describes Erlotinib administration & possible side effects.

In this video, the speakers have discussed about patient selection for TKR, pre-operating planning, TKR in Valgus & Varus Knees, postoperative stiffness & patient dissatisfaction after TKR.

ANACO study identified preoperative and intraoperative risk factors contributing to anastomotic leak and postoperative morbidity and mortality after colon resection for cancer. The study found that preoperative nutritional status and the stapled technique were the risk factors were associated with clinically relevant anastomotic leak after elective right colectomy for cancer. Moreover, age of the patient, determines the risk of mortality, while the laparoscopic approach seems to reduce the postoperative morbidity.

The study evaluated the efficacy of a 15% Vitamin C, 1% Vitamin E, and 0.5% Ferulic acid serum in improving postoperative wound healing by evaluating the decrease in downtime and molecule markers, after the fractional ablative laser resurfacing procedure, in a photodamage split-face model .The study found that vitamin C, E, and ferulic acid correlated with the clinical effect of wound healing with a specific molecular mechanism of action. Moreover, it increased the clinical healing in patients during the initial days after the laser induced injury.

This sub-study of the CREDENCE trial demonstrates that the benefits of canagliflozin in terms of reduced risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death are consistent across broad range of patient subgroups.

This study compared efficacy and safety of 2% mupirocin ointment with   2% fusidic acid ointment in patient with primary impetigo. The study reported similar clinical success with mupirocin and fusidic acid in patients with primary impetigo.

This large-scale and long-term Indian study provides valuable insights on the changing pattern of fungal species. The findings may improve the management of mycotic keratitis in India.

Triple therapy with budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF) 320 resulted in reduction of all-cause mortality compared with glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (GFF), in patients with moderate to severe COPD and a history of exacerbations. Triple therapy with BGF 320 lowered, but not significantly, the risk of death compared with budesonide/formoterol fumarate (BFF). There was no significant difference in the risk of death with triple therapy containing a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroid (BGF 160) versus the dual therapy comparators.

HERA Trial compared the long-term outcomes of trastuzumab treatment for 1-year verses 2 -year in women with HER2-positive early breast cancer. The study showed that 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab after chemotherapy for patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer significantly improved long-term disease-free survival.

This meta-analysis demonstrated a 5% risk of postoperative urosepsis among patients undergoing ureteroscopy for treatment of stone disease. Older age, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, preoperative stent placement, a positive preoperative urine culture, and longer procedure time were independently associated with increased postoperative urosepsis risk. These findings will help the urologists with preoperative risk stratification before ureteroscopic procedures.

In this video, the speaker has discussed the approaches to reduce chronic postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries.

In this video, the speaker has discussed the approaches to reduce acute postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries.In this video, the speaker has discussed the approaches to reduce acute postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries.

In this video, the speaker has discussed about the cases relevant to periprosthetic fractures around knee & Hip.

In this video, the speakers have discussed about all the aspects of lumbar degenerative disc disease such as symptoms, diagnosis, management, etc. with the help of relevant cases.

In this video, the speakers have discussed about the various complications arising due to hyperuricemia focussing on renal and orthopaedic aspects.

In this video, the speaker has discussed the evidences and recommendations relevant to Viscosupplementation and multimodal approach for osteoarthritis. 

In this video, the speaker has discussed about expectations of a doctor from consumer forum and guidelines of supreme court while handling the medico-legal cases along with some relevant cases. 

In this video, the speaker has discussed about risks and benefits to be considered for osteoporosis treatment discontinuation and need of restart of therapy.

Brivaracetam should be considered as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy, uncontrolled on 2-3 antiepileptic drugs. And also, it should be use in patient with epilepsy having irritability, elderly diabetic & hypertensive with chronic renal failure. It is well tolerated with less behavioural side effects and minimal drug interaction. Provide effective seizure control and seizure freedom with improved quality of life in patients with partial epilepsy.

Brivaracetam has higher SV2A affinity and goes faster to brain. It has a good tolerability and safety and shows improvement in behavioral & psychiatric adverse events following the switch from levetiracetam to brivaracetam.

Brivaracetam has higher SV2A affinity and goes faster to brain. It has a good tolerability and retention rate 60-70% after 6 months. Improvement in psychobehavioral adverse events following the switch from levetiracetam to brivaracetam in about 60% cases. Provide effective seizure control and seizure freedom.

The Union health ministry on 22^nd April 2021 issued a revised “Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult COVID-19 Patients”. This guideline issued by AIIMS, ICMR-COVID-19 National Task Force and the Joint Monitoring Group (DGHS) under the ministry discusses preventions and cures for all kinds of COVID-19 patients - mild, moderate and severe. It also advises on the usage of drugs which remain in high demand amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

ToGA trial evaluated efficacy and safety of trastuzumab added to chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancers with overexpression of HER2. The study showed that addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone.

The study demonstrated rizatriptan to be effective and safe treatment of acute migraine attacks in patients receiving prophylactic treatment with topiramate.

Montelukast 10 mg is a safe and effective systemic treatment of both upper and lower airways in patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis in a real-life setting.

Brivaracetam should be considered as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy, uncontrolled on 2-3 antiepileptic drugs. It is not associated with serious systemic adverse effects, well tolerated with less behavioural side effects and minimal drug interaction. Provide effective seizure control and seizure freedom with improved quality of life in patients with partial epilepsy.

In this video, the speaker has discussed about management of open fractures and relevant cases.

In this video, the speaker has discussed a case on PFN intertan for comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of femur.

In this video, the speaker has discussed a case on traumatic paraplegia with sphincter involvement.

In this video, the speaker has discussed about complications during TKA due to severe deformities and relevant cases.

More than a crore of patients have recovered in India after new CoVID-19 infection. After recovery many complications in and outside lung are observed. This webcast is dedicated to an expert talks on how to tackle post CoVID complications.

A protocol based on daily monitoring of C-reactive protein levels may allow early interruption of antibiotic therapy in a higher proportion of critically ill patients, without an effect on total antibiotic consumption. However, more studies are warranted to assess the clinical and microbiological relevance of this finding.

Treatment with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) was a feasible, well-tolerated, and safe alternative in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients who are treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, entecavir, lamivudine and adefovir. TAF was effective in maintaining significant viral suppression and higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) normalization rates 6 months after switching to TAF.

Safety analysis of SYGMA 1 and SGYMA 2 studies demonstrated that as-needed budesonide-formoterol anti-inflammatory reliever therapy was well-tolerated in patients with mild asthma with no new safety concerns. Budesonide-formoterol has a similar safety profile to that of daily budesonide.

The present randomized controlled trial conducted in healthy volunteers examined the effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (SB), the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) and the combination on the composition of healthy subjects’ microbiota and gut-related side effects associated with a commonly used antibiotic AC. The study showed that that antibiotic therapy with AC led to substantial alterations of the microbiota of healthy subjects.

Choice of an AED for the treatment of epilepsy in children depends on various aspects including efficacy, safety, impact on behavior and learning, and existing co-morbidities. Levetiracetam is an effective adjunctive therapy in treatment of childhood epilepsy and well tolerated with minimal side effects.

Management of epilepsy depends on various factors including comorbidity, type of seizure and concomitant medication. Proper diagnosis and management lead to improvement in 2/3rd of the epilepsy patients. Proper diagnosis includes identification of true seizure, identifying type of seizure and syndrome associated with it.

This post hoc analysis of the EMPA REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated that although, SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with an initial dip in eGFR in T2DM patients, this initial dip dose not impact the CV and renal benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment.

The present study is 5-year follow-up analysis of STAMPEDE Trial that studied the outcomes of bariatric surgery effects on diabetes – related endorgan disease. The study showed that bariatric surgery was superior to intensive medical therapy in terms of glycemic control, weight reduction, medication reduction, improvement in lipid levels, and quality of life.

In mild asthma, even a single day with increased SABA use is an indicator for increased short-term risk of severe exacerbation. As-needed budesonide-formoterol is associated with a reduction in the short-term risk of severe exacerbations after a single day of higher use (more than two as-needed inhalations), even when overall use is infrequent. The frequency of exacerbations and subsequent risk of sever exacerbations and the need for oral corticosteroids is reduced with as-needed budesonide-formoterol as compared to as-needed SABA.

Epilepsy occurs due to abnormal firing of neuron. In elderly it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment in elderly is challenging as they are on multiple drugs. Hence the monotherapy AED treatment is recommended at low dose with drug having minimal drug interactions.

Multiple New targets has been identified and targeted to disrupt the HIV-life cycle. Dolutegravir based regimens are currently the preferred first line ART in WHO guidelines. Cardiovascular, Renal, Diabetes, Neurocognitive effects, Cancers, and Liver disorders are the Non-AIDS causes of morbidity/mortality in India.

The efficacy of both fluticasone propionate + azelastine nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray were comparable in relieving symptoms in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Fluticasone propionate and azelastine nasal spray resulted in significant reduction of symptoms such as nasal obstruction, nasal discharge and nasal itching when compared with fluticasone propionate alone.

This noninferiority trial evaluated whether antimicrobial treatment with amoxicillin–clavulanate for 5 days rather than using the standard 10-day regimen would result in   similar outcomes and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance among children with acute otitis media. The study showed that reduced duration treatment for 5 days was less effective than standard-duration treatment for 10 days in children 6 to 23 months of age with acute otitis media.

The study showed that combination of levetiracetam and lacosamide not only enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness for treating patients with partial refractory seizures, but also had improved retention rate and quality of life over a period of 6 months.

The presents study evaluated efficacy and safety of switching older people with HIV to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF). The 48 weeks results showed that switching to B/F/TAF was effective and well tolerated through 48 weeks in virologically suppressed adults aged > 65 years

The results of the survey demonstrated vaginal administration as the preferred route for luteal phase support (LPS). The emerging use of the oral route confirms the expected shift in clinical practice as a result of recent evidence showing a reassuring safety score of oral progestins. There is a trend towards extended LPS in ART cycles with fresh embryo transfer despite the lack of evidence supporting the continuation of luteal support until 12 weeks' gestation, highlighting the difference between evidence-based medicine and real-life practices.  

Patients hospitalized with ADHF are burdened with higher prevalence of MR. higher severity of MR was associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality, particularly in patients with LVEF <50%

Escitalopram belongs to class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is effective at lower dose compared to citalopram. Also,  has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction and better tolerability profile.

It can be concluded that the use of CSE 1034 of ceftriaxone, sulbactam, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is an effective option for the treatment of MDR nosocomial infections including pneumonia and cUTI.

This Indian study demonstrated levetiracetam to be an effective alternative to fosphenytoin for treating pediatric patients affected with benzodiazepine resistant status epilepticus.

There were no clinically meaningful differences in the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity between the first global biosimilar omalizumab and reference product. Omalizumab biosimilar might be a good alternative to reference product in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma.

The ragweed-induced seasonal allergic symptoms were significantly aggravated by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Fexofenadine HCl was well tolerated and effective in alleviating pollen-induced, air pollution-aggravated allergic rhinitis symptoms.

Local salvage therapies after radiation recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) negatively impact the continence, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual functions. Despite these adverse consequences, there are oncological benefits associated with use of local salvage therapy post radiation failure in select patients. The decision to use local salvage therapies should be made with the informed patient in a shared decision working process.

This first-of-its-kind study demonstrated the clinical benefits of zinc supplementation in children hospitalized for pneumonia. The findings suggest that zinc supplement be initiated in such patients irrespective of baseline zinc status.

Heart failure is a life - threatening disease. Incidence and prevalence rates of heart failure are rising due to population, epidemiological and health transitions. A significant proportion of this burden may be preventable with better screening, early identification and treatment of major risk factors.

In his talk, the doctor shares clinical insights and published data on urinary and recombinant gonadotropins in IVF to help make individualized choices easier.

AST -to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and GLOBE score are useful in predicting the risk of liver-related complications in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Treatment with obeticholic acid reduces the risk of liver-related complications in patients with PBC.

In this video, the speaker has discussed diagnosis of metal allergy in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery and role of golden knee in the same.

The study demonstrated PEG 3350 to be better than lactulose for treating functional constipation in pediatric patients, including those aged below 2 years

The analysis of this study from the SABINA program demonstrated that a significant proportion of asthmatic patients use at least three SABA canisters per year across Europe, despite the different healthcare and reimbursement policies of each country.

The present study evaluated treatment responses to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin following challenge with a fully sensitive strain of S. Typhi in healthy volunteers. The study showed that azithromycin effectively treated typhoid fever, however longer durations of bacteraemia and fever clearance times were observed when compared with ciprofloxacin treatment.

The efficacy of mirabegron was similar to that of antimuscarinics among older adults with overactive bladder. Mirabegron had a favorable safety profile and the safety outcomes typically associated with anticholinergic burden, were less frequently observed in patients treated with mirabegron.

Amongst patients with HFrEF, sacubitril/valsartan treatment improved the ANP levels. Improvement in ANP levels in turn was associated with improved cardiac remodelling.

Dr Aziz Khan talks about the role of MRA in cardiovascular protection

Dr Aziz Khan talks about the case with long standing hypertension diagnosed as HFpEF.

The study demonstrated a positive linear association between pre-diagnosis BMI and microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. The study further highlighted the importance of weight loss for lowering the risk of microvascular complications.

The present study evaluated efficacy, safety, and tolerability of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg) and clindamycin (150mg) in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection with or without abscess. The study showed that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid administered twice daily for 5–7 days was found to be noninferior or “comparable” to clindamycin administered four times daily.

This is a phase 3 randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study comparing the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The study showed that lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in terms of overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

This randomized controlled study evaluated the association between depth of anaesthesia and postoperative cognitive dysfunction  (POCD)  in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery . The study found that compared to light anaesthesia , deep anaesthesia under total intravenous anaesthesia was associated with a reduced incidence of short‐term POCD and decreased release of inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery .

Worsening of kidney function is a major contributor towards the risk of HF in patients with hypertension. Choosing an antihypertensive that would prevent eGFR decline would cut down the risk of HF in such patients.

The present study evaluated early administration of azithromycin, started prior to the onset of severe lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) symptoms, prevent the progression of these episodes in preschool children with severe intermittent wheezing in the context of RTIs. The study found that azithromycin started at the earliest signs of an RTI was effective in significantly reducing the risk of experiencing progression to severe LRTI along with reducing symptom severity during episodes of severe LRTI.

The study demonstrated oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam monotherapy to be effective in reducing seizure frequency in children with BECTS, though the former was more efficacious than the later. Oxcarbazepine also exhibited improvement in certain cognitive and intellectual parameters of the children.

The fluticasone propionate and azelastine hydrochloride combination nasal spray was clinically more effective in suppressing allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms as compared to fluticasone alone.

Lower TIR was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality among patients with T2DM. TIR thus appears to be valid measure of glycemic control that may also serve as an indicator of adverse clinical outcomes in T2DM patients.

In this video, the speaker has discussed role of Viscosupplementation in management of young osteoarthritis.

Sometime, is becomes difficult to diagnose and treat the patients with atypical pneumonia. This session will talk on different methods and investigation to diagnose a case of atypical pneumonia.

This session will help to understand, how to evaluate the prognosis of CAP patients in order to avoid further consequences and if needed change the treatment strategy.

Due to advancement in the medical science, we have many treatment modalities to treat the patient of CAP. This session will throw a light on various treatment strategies in order to cure the patients with CAP

The diagnosis of CAP is mainly based on clinical findings and investigations to channelize the treatment protocol. This session will discuss various aspects of diagnosing a case of CAP.

The patient of CAP comes with different signs and symptoms and many times it becomes difficult to curtailed down to one specific disease. This session will give insights on clinical manifestation of CAP.

There are different microorganisms which are causative for the development of CAP. This session will talk on such pathological organisms.

This session will throw a light on prevalence of pneumonia in the community along with risk factors for the development of pneumonia

This session will help to understand about various investigations needed  in order to diagnose different respiratory ailments.

Amongst critically ill pediatric patients with MDR GNB-associated VAP, treatment with inhaled plus IV colistin yielded clinical and microbiological outcomes similar to that of colistin IV alone. Nevertheless, the former resulted in a shorter time to bacterial eradication.

The fixed-dose combination of myoinositol 550 mg, D-chiro-inositol 13.8 mg, L-methyl folate 0.1 mg, vitamin D3 400 IU and chromium picolinate 100 mcg as orange-flavoured chewable tablets, demonstrated a high ovulation and conception rate in PCOS women. The study product demonstrated significant decreases in serum testosterone and hirsutism, reduction in body mass index and increase in serum progesterone levels. This study product was well tolerated and could be considered as a promising first-line comprehensive oral management therapy for PCOS.

This is the first head-to-head non-inferiority comparison of tofacitinib monotherapy versus tofacitinib in combination with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients with a previous inadequate response to methotrexate. The study found that tofacitinib plus methotrexate was non-inferior to adalimumab plus methotrexate.

Long-term treatment (≥24 months) with rifaximin 550 mg, twice daily was associated with reduced risk of hospitalizations in patients in remission from recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment with rifaximin for 24 months or longer was well tolerated and did not increase the rate of adverse events.

Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Management of epilepsy depends on various factors including comorbidity, type of seizure and concomitant medication. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety profile is effective in diverse epilepsy. Lamotrigine is also commonly used AED because of better tolerability profile in partial and generalized epilepsy.

Levetiracetam is widely used in the treatment of several types of epilepsy. In children, LEV is approved for use of adjunct treatment for partial epilepsy and generalized tonic clonic. LEV has become an attractive choice because of its lack of hepatic metabolism, minimal drug interactions, activity against several seizure types.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Generally, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety.

AED used to treat women with epilepsy should have following criteria including it should be effective, should be broad spectrum and used in wide range of epilepsy, it should not interfere with hormonal balance and not induce ovarian changes. Most Commonly used drug in WWE is lamotrigine because of better tolerability and safety profile.

This study demonstrates levetiracetam monotherapy to be effective, tolerable and safe option for treating pediatric patients with focal and generalized seizures.

BGF MDI was efficacious, well tolerated, and could be a more appropriate treatment than the corresponding dual therapies for symptomatic patients with moderate to very severe COPD, irrespective of exacerbation history.

The results of this worldwide survey are encouraging as there is a clear shift towards a more unified and evidence-based clinical approach to LPS in IVF cycles, as compared to the earlier survey done in 2009. Although there is no firm evidence supporting the continuation of LPS after the demonstration of fetal heart-beat on ultrasound, this seems to be common practice to continue LPS for upto 10 weeks of gestation by the majority of assisted reproduction centres across the world.  

This post hoc analysis of the EMPA REG OUTCOME demonstrated consistent cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin, independent of baseline LDL-C levels.

This study did not demonstrate any clinically significant benefits in the severity of urinary incontinence at 24 months between women randomized to electromyographic biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) or to PFMT alone. Routine use of electromyographic biofeedback with PFMT for women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence should not be recommended as it did not confer any additional benefit.

The present study evaluated progression-free survival among patients with iodine-131–refractory thyroid cancer who received lenvatinib as compared with those who received placebo. The study showed significant improvements in progression-free survival and the response rate among patients receiving lenvatinib.

This symposium focuses on exacerbation prevention as an important goal in obstructive airways disease management, with a reality check on the burden of OADs in India and how these can be overcome with novel therapeutic options.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a newer AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. Also, it increases the rates of seizure freedom, has significant higher retention rate and is generally well tolerated compared to traditional AED.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. SSRIs are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction with better tolerability profile.

Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder, typical symptoms includes throbbing or pulsatile headache with moderate to severe pain that intensifies with movement or physical activity. Rizatriptan is commonly used in treatment of migraine and is associated with a higher degree of patient satisfaction than other migraine-specific agents, with rapid pain relief, ease and tolerability being important reasons for patient preference. The treatment also results in overall improvement in Quality of life.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder with symptoms of low mood, less self-esteem, weight changes and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction and good tolerability profile.

Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety profile and minimal drug interactions. Also, it has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Levetiracetam is a newer AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. It increases the rates of seizure freedom and is generally well tolerated. Also, has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Epilepsy is common neurological disorder and the most common cause includes brain pathology ex: tumour, stroke, haemorrhage or infection or metabolic disorder. AED are the mainstay of epilepsy management. Commonly used drugs include levetiracetam, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine. Levetiracetam is effective in diverse epilepsies, and the evidence shows that it increases the rates of seizure freedom and well tolerated without major adverse effects.

Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Management of epilepsy depends on various factors including comorbidity, type of seizure and concomitant medication. Levetiracetam is effective in diverse epilepsies, and the evidence shows that it increases the rates of seizure freedom and well tolerated without major adverse effects. Also, has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Epilepsy is common neurological disorder associated with unprovoked seizure. Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated

Lacosamide is a third generation AED which enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control, minimal drug interaction and is generally well tolerated.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam, carbamazepine and lamotrigine are commonly used in pregnant women with epilepsy because of its minimal effect on fetus and minimal fetal malformations compared to other AEDs.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. The major cause of depression and anxiety is low level of serotonin. Generally, SSRI such as escitalopram, desvenlafaxine are commonly used to manage depression and anxiety.

Depression is a severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, 17% of people are likely to experience major depression during their lifetime; especially prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Treatment with escitalopram decreases heart rate, improve sleep quality, and decrease blood pressure and is an effective option in patients with depression and comorbid hypertension.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures. The causes of epilepsy includes injuries, infections metabolic disorder, stroke or traumatic brain injury. Commonly used AED in practice are phenobarbitone, levetiracetam, lamotrigine and lacosamide.

The doctor talks about various modes of contraception currently available in India and the importance of tailoring these options, based on woman’s profile, context and method profile, to improve the chances of adherence.  

The doctor sheds light on some alarming statistics related to abortion and what the IPC, MTP and POCSO act mention in their rules and regulations regarding the same.

This post hoc analysis of PROVE-HF study demonstrated benefits of sacubitril/valsartan in terms of reverse cardiac remodelling and improved NT-proBNP and health status in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Benefits of treatment were consistent in patients with and without diabetes.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. It increases the rates of seizure freedom and is generally well tolerated. It also has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. It increases the rates of seizure freedom and is generally well tolerated. It also has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures. Lamotrigine is an important AED in treatment of epilepsy as it has broad efficacy, long term effectiveness, well tolerable and favourable pharmacokinetics properties. It is commonly used AED in pregnant women because of its minimal effect on foetus and minimal foetal malformations compared to other AEDs

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. They have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with repetitive cycles of mania/hypomania as well as depressive episodes. Lamotrigine is an effective option for the management of bipolar disorder, most significantly for its role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes and it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment in women with bipolar disorder and also effective in long term therapy.

Rizatriptan shows the quickest onset of action, with high efficacy levels at two hours. Also, its efficacy is improved with early use during migraine attacks. It is associated with a higher degree of patient satisfaction than other migraine-specific agents, with rapid pain relief, ease and tolerability being important reasons for patient preference.

In his talk, the doctor briefs on the hyperperandrogenism aspect of PCOS, and the established efficacy of OCPs in its management.

The present study evaluated serum levels of ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, zinc, thyroid-stimulating hormone and vitamin D in patients complaining of diffuse hair loss. The study found that serum ferritin and vitamin D levels in patients with diffuse hair loss were significantly low compared to healthy individuals.

This secondary analysis of the PROVE HF trial demonstrated that initiation of sacubitril/valsartan treatment in HFrEF patients was associated with a rapid improvement of the KCCQ-23 scores; which in turn correlated with NT-proBNP levels.

The antihistamine-leukotriene receptor antagonist (AH-LTRA) combination therapy resulted in greater beneficial effects on composite nasal symptoms, rhinorrhea, and sneezing compared to AH alone in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Patients with perennial AR were most responsive to AH-LTRA.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, asthma control status and quality of life improved after 12 weeks treatment with nasal saline irrigation (NSI) in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma. NSI seems to be a promising adjunctive option as it is a safe, simple and effective procedure.

Colistin appeared to be effective and safe in very low birth weight infants affected with methicillin-drug resistant gram negative bacteria. Such patients may require close monitoring of renal function and electrolytes while on colistin treatment.

Triple therapy with budesonide, glycopyrrolate, and formoterol was associated with a lower rate of moderate or severe COPD exacerbations and better health-related quality of life than dual therapy with glycopyrrolate–formoterol or budesonide–formoterol. 

Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. It is effective in diverse epilepsies, and the evidence shows that it increases the rates of seizure freedom and well tolerated without major adverse effects.

Radiosurgery is precisely focused radiation beams to treat tumors and other problems in the brain, spine and other parts of the body and reduces side effects also. Laser interstitial thermal therapy is an adjuvant treatment for intracranial lesions that are treatment refractory or in deep or eloquent brain.

Depression is major mood disorder with low mood, insomnia/hypersomnia, loss of energy, weight loss lasting for more than 2 weeks. Physical, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are three major categories of management of depression. SSRI and SNRI are mainstay of depression management.

Migraine is common neurological disorder occurring in different phases including prodrome, aura, headache and postdrome phase. Triptans is 5HT 1B/1D receptor agonist which causes cerebral vasoconstriction and reduces pain which can be given by nasal, oral and subcutaneous route. Rizatriptan and Zolmitriptan shows the quickest onset of action, with high efficacy levels at two hours

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effect which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile in managing depression patients with comorbid anxiety

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Generally, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety

Epilepsy is neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked seizure and are divided into focal and generalized epilepsy. It significantly reduces the quality of life. Patients with status epilepticus are primarily treated with benzodiazepine, post that treated with phenytoin, fosphenytoin, levetiracetam or IV midazolam if the seizure are not controlled.

This study evaluated the antidepressant effect of lamotrigine vs. oxcarbazepine when combined with escitalopram in patients with co-existing epilepsy and depression. The study also evaluated the impact of both the combinations on the quality of life of the patients.

Diabetes mellitus and depression are major public health issues and depression was associated with a 60% increase of type 2 diabetes while type 2 diabetes was associated with 15% risk of depression. Escitalopram is effective in terms of controlling symptoms of depression without any adverse impact on glycemic parameters when used in depression patients with diabetes mellitus.

PD is a devastating disorder of the human nervous system and the second most common progressive chronic neurodegenerative disease. Amantadine has an effective antiparkinsonian effect and is well-tolerated. It appears to improve dyskinesias, also has a mild benefit on the motor symptoms of PD. It is an effective agent both in early and advanced PD.

Lamotrigine is an important AED in treatment of epilepsy as especially in women with epilepsy it has broad efficacy, long term effectiveness, well tolerable and lack of cognitive impairment. It can be an ideal AED in pregnant women because of its minimal effect on fetus and minimal fetal malformations compared to other AEDs.

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effects which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile in managing depression patients with comorbid anxiety.

Migraine is common neurological disorder occurring in different phases including prodrome, aura, headache and postdrome phase. Triptans is 5HT 1B/1D receptor agonist which causes cerebral vasoconstriction and reduces pain which can be given by nasal, oral and subcutaneous route. Commonly used triptans are rizatriptan, sumatriptan and zolmitriptan.

Schizophrenia is a serious lifelong disorder affecting behaviour, thought and cognition. Psychosocial rehabilitation is important for independent level of optimal functioning & better Quality of life. The 2nd generation antipsychotics such as olanzapine, risperidone, Amisulpride are commonly used drug as they reduce both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia with better tolerability profile.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Generally, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety.

Epilepsy is common chronic neurological disease characterized by unprovoked seizure. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety profile with minimal drug interactions. Also, has significantly higher retention rate in patients and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Challenges in neurosurgery includes maintaining a modern, efficient, and responsive educational program for neurosurgery; the challenge of maintaining the boundaries of neurosurgical practice and preventing the incursion of subspecialty groups into the performance of neurosurgical procedures. Social stigma about the neurological disease leads to poor access to neurosurgical procedure.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant low mood for more than 2 weeks. Depression can be managed both by psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapy involves cognitive behavioural therapy. Pharmacotherapy includes use of various antidepressants such as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.

Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder with pulsatile headache of moderate to severe intensity. Rrizatriptan and Zolmitriptan shows the quickest onset of action, with high efficacy levels at two hours also its efficacy is improved with an early use within migraine attacks. They are associated with a higher degree of patient satisfaction, with rapid pain relief, ease and better tolerability

In his talk, the doctor elaborates on the rising burden of insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinemia in PCOS, and thereby highlights the role of myoinositol and d-chiroinositol in its management.

A substantial proportion of type-2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a rapid progression of CKD. Prompt identification of this high-risk subgroup is critical to address their unmet therapeutic needs.

This study is the first randomized, controlled trial in an antiretroviral-naive population that evaluated the efficacy of reduced doses of both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and efavirenz (EFV) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. This 48-week study showed that lower doses regimen of both TDF and EFV was non-inferior to the standard dose regimen of TDF 300 mg plus lamivudine (3TC) 300 mg, and EFV 600 mg.

The present study describes the outcomes of endoscopic vacuum therapy (E-VAC) as a rescue treatment in refractory anastomotic leak and perforation after gastro-oesophagal surgery. The study reported complete healing of the leak/perforation, without the need for further treatments suggesting E-VAC therapy as a safe option for leak management.

Radical Cystectomy compared to intravesical BCG immunotherapy for high-risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer – is there a long-term survival difference?

Depression is a severe mood disorder that affects individuals of all ages and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, 17% of people are likely to experience depression and it is especially prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Escitalopram is commonly used in depression with comorbid hypertension as it decreases heart rate, improve sleep quality, and decrease blood pressure.

Diabetes mellitus and depression are major public health issues and depression was associated with a 60% increase of type 2 diabetes while type 2 diabetes was associated with 15% risk of depression. Escitalopram is effective in terms of controlling symptoms of depression without any adverse impact on glycemic parameters when used in depression patients with diabetes mellitus.

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effects which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile in managing depression patients with comorbid anxiety.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Generally, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile.

Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Lamotrigine has an important AED in treatment of epilepsy as it has broad efficacy, long term effectiveness, well tolerability, favourable pharmacokinetics properties and lack of cognitive impairment. It can be an ideal AED in pregnant women because of its minimal effect on fetus and minimal fetal malformations compared to other AEDs.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a newer AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. Also, it increases the rates of seizure freedom and is generally well tolerated compared to traditional AEDs.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with repetitive cycles of mania and depressive episodes. Lamotrigine is an effective option for the management of bipolar disorder, most significantly for its role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes and it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment in women.

AEDs are the mainstay of the treatment of epilepsy. Review diagnosis if seizure is not controlled and evaluate patients every 3 months. Lamotrigine is effective option in women with epilepsy. It is recommended to initiate monotherapy at low dose to evaluate drug interaction and side effect profile.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction with better tolerability profile.

Escitalopram leads to a significant improvement of overall quality of life as well as overall pleasure and satisfaction with life which makes them very effective in the treatment of depression. It also provide better efficacy and safety compared to other antidepressants.

Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety profile with minimal drug interactions. Also, has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Depression is a severe mood disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 16.5% in the adult population. Treatment with escitalopram results in a significant improvement of quality of life, improved sleep, enjoyment and satisfaction in patients with MDD which makes it very effective option for the treatment of depression.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with repetitive cycles of mania/hypomania as well as depressive episodes, resulting in marked impairment in overall functioning and quality of life. Psychotherapy is an important aspect of bipolar management. Lamotrigine is an important pharmacologic option for the management of bipolar disorder as it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment.

Epilepsy is third most common neurological disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a newer AED with wide safety profile with minimal drug interactions. Also, has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disorder with repetitive cycles of mania and depressive episodes. Lamotrigine is an effective option for the management of bipolar disorder, most significantly for its role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes and it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment.

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant which is an effective mood stabilizer commonly used for the management of bipolar disorder. It plays and important role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes and it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment in women with bipolar disorder in the reproductive age group and also pregnant women.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms. It has minimal drug interaction and better tolerability profile compared to other antidepressants.

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effects which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile in managing depression patients with comorbid anxiety.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety margin and minimal interactions with other antiepileptics. Another AED lacosamide as an add on provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AED.

Lacosamide is approved as add on therapy in partial onset seizure. It block sodium channels, enhancing slow inactivation of neuronal membrane. It significantly reduces seizure frequency with high rate of longterm seizure freedom. Also, has minimal drug interaction and safer to use.

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting 1-2% of population. Lacosamide is a newer AED which enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Rapid up-titration of lacosamide seems to be a feasible option in appropriate clinical conditions and may be particularly beneficial for epilepsy patients at high risk of short-term seizure recurrence.

Partial-gland high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was safer than whole-gland HIFU, and they had similar oncological outcomes. More prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess the benefits of HIFU for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Diagnosing and categorization of epilepsy type is important for management of epilepsy. The commonly used epilepsy drugs in different types of epilepsy are phenobarbitone which effective in partial seizure; levetiracetam, Briveracetam, clobazam are also commonly used for the management of partial and generalized seizure.

Depression is severe mood disorder characterized by low mood, weight changes, insomnia or hypersomnia. Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effects which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability profile.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In case of haemorrhagic stroke, urgent craniotomy, evacuation of hematoma and decompression is recommended. Mechanical thrombectomy and IV thrombolysis is recommended in patients with ischemic stroke.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Immediate airway, breathing and circulation is required in patients with stroke. In case of haemorrhagic stroke, craniotomy, evacuation of hematoma and decompression is recommended. Mechanical thrombectomy and IV thrombolysis is recommended in patients with ischemic stroke.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with repetitive cycles of mania/hypomania as well as depressive episodes. Lamotrigine is an effective option for the management of bipolar disorder, most significantly for its role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes and it is relatively safe and effective option for maintenance treatment in women.

Assessment of head injury can be done by Glasgow comma scale which evaluates the severity of head injury. During head injury management, airway and circulation are managed immediately to avoid secondary injuries. If patient has large occlusion, ICH or hematoma, craniotomy is planned to remove the clot.

Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Generally, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety.

The preferred choice of drugs in neonatal seizure and infants are benzodiazepines such as midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam. The drugs used in infantile spasm are carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam as they have less drug interaction with other drugs and effective in broad spectrum of different epilepsy types.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The commonly used SSRI for depression management is Escitalopram. As an antidepressant it has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction and better tolerability profile.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Lamotrigine is an important AED in treatment of women with epilepsy as it has broad efficacy, long term effectiveness, well tolerable and favourable pharmacokinetics properties. It is commonly used AED in pregnant women because of its minimal effect on fetus and minimal fetal malformations compared to other AEDs.

Levetiracetam is a newer AED with wide safety profile with minimal drug interactions and has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs. Lamotrigine is commonly used in WWE because of minimal foetal malformation.

Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) resulting in the stabilization of hyperexcitable neuronal membranes. Add on lacosamide provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age range of AEDs.

Choice of an AED for the treatment of epilepsy in infants and children depends not only on the efficacy of the agent but also in safety, impact on behavior and learning, and existing patient co-morbidities. LEV has become an attractive choice in children because of its lack of hepatic metabolism, minimal drug interactions, activity against several seizure types.

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction and has better tolerability profile.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Lamotrigine is an important AED in treatment of epilepsy as it has broad efficacy, long term effectiveness, well tolerable and favourable pharmacokinetics properties. It is commonly used AED in pregnant women because of its minimal effect on fetus and minimal fetal malformations compared to other AEDs.

This is a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial evaluating 144-week efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir-containing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. The findings showed that bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide continued to be non-inferior to dolutegravir-containing regimens at week 144.

This study demonstrated reduction in the miscarriage rates after DHEA supplementation in women with diminished ovarian reserves (DOR). Miscarriage rates after DHEA supplementation not only were lower than in an average national IVF population but were comparable to rates reported in normally fertile populations. Low miscarriage rates, comparable to those of normal fertile women, are indicative of the possible beneficial effect of DHEA on embryo ploidy.

Treatment with nintedanib resulted in a slower rate of progression of interstitial lung disease and a significantly lower annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity, irrespective of the fibrotic pattern in high resolution computed tomography scan as compared to placebo. Diarrhea was a common adverse event reported by the patients receiving nintedanib.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy management depends on type of seizure and individual patients. Lacosamide is effective in patient with partial epilepsy. Levetiracetam and lamotrigine is effective in women with epilepsy in childbearing age bcz of minimal drug interaction and better tolerability profile.

Besides diagnosis and treatment, in LUTS/BPO, comprehensive assessment of patient’s illness, preference & expectations needs equal attention. Such patient centric approach may further improve drug adherence and some unmet needs in this area, potentially reducing complications and cost.

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid condition, with 35-60% of patients with depression having an anxiety disorder. Escitalopram monotherapy and in combination with clonazepam has good antidepressant effects which significantly improves depressive symptoms and has good tolerability in managing depression patients with comorbid anxiety

Major depressive disorder is severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction with better tolerability profile.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition which affects over one million women of childbearing age. Lamotrigine and levetiracetam are effective in childbearing age and pregnant women because of its minimal effect on foetus and less drug interaction with oral contraceptive. Also, both drugs are safe and better tolerability profile

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are major public health issues. Depression could facilitate the onset of diabetes through disturbances in eating behaviours and drug induced weight gain. Escitalopram is effective in terms of controlling symptoms of depression without any adverse impact on glycemic parameters when used in depression patients with diabetes mellitus.

Escitalopram as an antidepressant is associated with high therapy continuity, high efficacy, adherence due to high tolerability and reduced risk of relapse. It is an effective first line option in the management of patients with MDD.

Choice of an AED for the treatment of epilepsy in infants and children depends not only on the efficacy of the agent but also in safety, impact on behavior and learning, and existing co-morbidities. Levetiracetam is effective in children with epilepsy because of minimal drug interactions, activity against several seizure types and with possible no evident side effect

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety margin without any requirement for serum drug monitoring, and minimal drug interactions with other antiepileptics. It significantly increases the rates of seizure freedom and well tolerated without major adverse effects

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disorder with repetitive cycles of mania/hypomania as well as depressive episodes. Lamotrigine is an important pharmacologic option for the management of bipolar disorder, most significantly for its role in the prophylaxis of mood episodes, also it is relatively safe and effective option for management of BD

Management of epilepsy in adults depends on various factors including comorbidity, type of seizure and concomitant medication. Levetiracetam is effective in diverse epilepsies, and the evidence shows that it increases the rates of seizure freedom and well tolerated without major adverse effects. Also, it has an advantage in pregnant women as it decreases risk of congenital malformation.

The patient with head injury is classified as mild moderate and severe head injury by Glasgow comma scale. During head injury management, airway and circulation are managed immediately to avoid secondary injuries. If patient has large occlusion, ICH or hematoma, craniotomy is planned to remove the clot.

Rare lung diseases are rare but integral part of for pulmonary medicine. Many young clinicians need guidance on how to differentiate and treat various Rare Lung Diseases. Also, there are new updates on Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. This PURVIEW is an opportunity as it entails discussions on broad spectrum of Rare Lung Diseases and their management.

Children with epilepsy have higher rates of learning difficulties. Hence, the treatment should be individualized for children with epilepsy. Selection of AEDs depends on patients, type of seizure, drug interaction and comorbidity. Levetiracetam, clobazam, topiramate are the common AEDs preferred in children.

Dementia is major cause of disability in late life. The prevalence of dementia is 6-8% in patient above 65 years of age and 30% or more in patient aged 80 years and above. Donepezil and Rivastigmine are the commonly used drug to treat dementia with minimal drug interaction and better tolerability profile than other drugs

OCD is disease with obsession and compulsion in which patients has doubts, suspicions and repetitive actions. Psychotherapy and CBT is important aspect of managing OCD. SSRI are commonly used medication to supress the symptoms of OCD.

Lamotrigine is effective in patients with bipolar disorder with superior efficacy, better tolerability and is safer to use. It is more effective in depressive phase compared to maniac phase and usually recommended for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.

This large-scale Indian study demonstrated a high risk of acute respiratory infection due to indoor pollution in children aged below 5 years. Policies that would cut down the exposure to indoor air pollution are warranted.

Dr Uday Jadhav talks about the case of a patient with myocardial infarction and dyspnoea.

Dr Uday Jadhav talks about the case of hypertensive patient diagnosed as HFpEF.

Dr Uday Jadhav talks about chronic HFrEF and acute decompensation.

Dr Uday Jadhav talks about the role of cardiac fibrosis markers in heart failure.

Results of the SENSCIS trial demonstrated that nintedanib had a lower annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity among patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with systemic sclerosis as compared to placebo. There was no other clinical benefit observed for other manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Nintedanib treatment had a safety profile similar to that observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with diarrhea being the most common adverse event.

In a real-world clinical setting, the fixed dose combination of oral cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) was effective in improving all symptoms in patients with lower respiratory tract infections without causing any adverse event.

Varicocele repair increased the pregnancy and live birth rates irrespective of the semen analysis result. Varicocele treated azoospermic men had higher sperm retrieval success rate. Varicocele repair might benefit infertile men prior to joining a fertility program.

The present study is the pooled analysis of two phase III studies, ATLAS and FLAIR, that compared efficacy and safety of monthly intramuscular (IM) injections of long-acting (LA) cabotegravir (CAB) + LA rilpivirine (RPV) to the oral current antiretroviral regimen (CAR). The study showed that monthly IM injections of CAB + RPV LA are noninferior to CAR in maintaining HIV-1 virologic suppression in treatment-experienced participants.

Epilepsy management depends on efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of AED, seizure type and patient characteristics. It is recommended to start monotherapy, if there’s in adequate response to the monotherapy the add on drug can be included in management. Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lacosamide are commonly used drug in focal epilepsy

Migraine is headache disorder which is more common in female occurring at younger age. The first line drugs for chronic migraine includes sodium valproate, propranolol. In case of acute migraine, the first line medication includes ibuprofen, aspirin and triptans including rizatriptan and zolmitriptan.

According to the findings of this Saudi Arabian study, lacosamide was effective and well-tolerated in patients with focal epilepsy.

Depression is a mental disorder associated with persistent low mood. Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, with high severity of illness which significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. SSRI and psychotherapy is the recommended choice of therapy for treating depression and comorbid condition.

AEDs are the mainstay for epilepsy management. Compared to conventional AEDs, newer AEDs are better tolerated and safer to use in epilepsy patients. Amongst newer AEDs, levetiracetam is the novel drug with wide safety margin, does not require serum drug monitoring and has no/minimal drug interaction with other AEDs.

In epilepsy, despite the availability of many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) more than 30% of patients continue to experience seizures and have drug-resistant epilepsy which can be eased by Precision medicine (PM) which is tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. In epilepsy, the precision medicine can be used for medical treatments that target specifically the mechanisms responsible for the manifestations of the disease in individual patients to reduce seizures.

Schizophrenia is disorder of thought, perception and behaviour with or without cognitive functioning. The 2nd generation antipsychotics such as olanzapine, risperidone, Amisulpride are commonly used drug as they reduce both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia with better tolerability profile. Schizophrenia patient with aggression and suicidal tendency usually requires hospitalization.

According to NICE guidelines, the choice of antidepressants should be based on side effect profile, patient preference and previous patient exposure. SSRI are commonly used as first line for treatment of depression in adults and children. Amongst them, escitalopram is commonly preferred SSRI because of better efficacy and safety profile.

Lacosamide enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channel and it is available as tablet and injection formation. Initially, the administration is started as 50 mg/day. As an AED it provides effective seizure control and is generally well tolerated when used as a first add on therapy across a broad age group.

Epilepsy majorly consist of 2 types: generalized and focal. The aim of management is to reduce the seizure frequency and preventing seizure. Oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam are commonly used first line antiepileptic drugs. Recently approved lacosamide is the most commonly used add on AED for epilepsy management.

Migraine is most common headache disorder which is diagnosed with certain clinical criteria including unilateral or bilateral headache which last from 4 -72 hours and pain is usually pulsated. Most common differential diagnosis is tension type headache, secondary headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalgia which needs to be diagnosed for the correct management.

Recognizing the widening “treatment gap,” the ASBMR developed a consensus of a broad multi-stakeholder coalition regarding several aspects of Osteoporosis treatment.

Few facts about common myths related to hair.

A LIVE symposium on ‘Breath of Fresh Air in OAD’, with a focus on the importance of preventing exacerbations in OAD management. This symposium aims to provide clinical perspectives on understanding pathogenesis of OAD exacerbations, highlighting the various triggers, patient factors and their interactions leading to exacerbations and discuss various preventive measures available with newer therapies and drug delivery systems to reduce the burden and impact of exacerbations on the patient.

Depression is a mood disorder characterised by persistent low mood. Mild depression can be treated by psychotherapy; however, moderate and severe episodes of depression require pharmacotherapy. SSRIs are recommended as first line treatment in managing depression and the response can be evaluated at intervals before up titrating the dose.

The dilemma of selection of right antipsychotic in the real world revolves around a medication that shows efficacy, tolerability and is safer to use. It is recommended to initiate treatment with monotherapy and up titrate the dose before initiating polytherapy. Olanzapine and respiredone are the first choice in overweight patient.

OCD is a disease with obsession and compulsion in which patients has doubts, suspicions and repetitive actions. Psychotherapy and CBT are important for managing OCD. SSRI are recommended as the first line medication to supress the symptoms of OCD.

Migraine treatment should be initiated as soon as the migraine attack starts. CGRP antagonist, CGRP monoclonal antibodies are the new emergent therapies in migraine. CGRP antagonist including erenumab injection is found to be effective in migraine management with no major side effects.

Sacubitril/valsartan exhibited generally consistent efficacy and safety across various dose levels in hemodynamically stabilized patients with ADHF. Sacubitril/valsartan should therefore be broadly initiated in-hospital and continued post-hospitalization even in patients who may not tolerate early up-titration to the target dose.

The doctor talks about errors in ART labs and how setting these key performance indicators can be beneficial to check performance and to maintain standard, assure quality and benchmark against established standards.

According to this first-of-its kind study conducted in pediatric population, loading dose of colistin improved the overall efficacy without any adverse impact on the renal function (vs. no loading dose) in critically ill children affected with severe nosocomial infections.

In this webinar, the doctor briefs about effectiveness of a dynamic quantification tool - the HDP GESTOSIS score - to screen hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

The present study evaluated Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) as a possible therapeutic intervention in acute rotavirus diarrhoea in Indian children. The study showed that SB 250 mg orally twice a day for 5 days given during an acute episode of rotavirus diarrhoea in children aged under five resulted in significant shortening in the diarrheal duration and duration of hospitalization without any adverse events.

The present study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous levofloxacin (LVFX) at 750 mg per day for 5 days with an intravenous/oral regimen of LVFX at 500 mg per day for 7–14 days in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis. The study showed that two therapies had similar clinical efficacy, microbiological efficacy, and tolerance.

This large-scale study demonstrated very low rate of loop diuretic (LD) dose down-titration in chronic HF patients, depicting the high discordance between ‘real-world’ HF practice patterns and guidelines. Clinicians should attempt LD dose down-titration in stable euvolemic patients.

In her talk, the doctor gives brief on the nuances of ICSI, including sperm morphology and motility, and indications of and advances in IMSI.

Lacosamide appeared to improve depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with focal refractory epilepsy. This effect was independent of the seizure control effect of lacosamide.

Treatment with letrozole was associated with high resolution rate and better safety profile as compared with a chemotherapeutic agent such as methotrexate in the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

rFSH prefilled syringe was safe, effective and non-inferior to rFSH pen for ovarian stimulation in infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. 

The results of this first North American and European study showed no unexpected safety concerns and a similar safety profile of mirabegron add-on therapy to that expected for the individual monotherapies in men with overactive bladder symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia receiving tamsulosin.

The efficacy and safety of once-daily (OD) dosing of mesalazine was comparable to twice-daily (BD) dosing in patients with ulcerative colitis. Since ulcerative colitis requires long-term treatment, OD dosing regime can be more convenient than BD dosing regime.

In the first session, doctor elaborates on how placenta accreta is emerging as one of the biggest obstetric Challenge and how it can be managed optimally. In the panel discussion, the moderator takes us through various case scenarios of effectively managing bleeding in late pregnancy, such as, due to abruptio placentae, placenta previa, vasa previa and rupture uterus.

Treatment with omalizumab resulted in significant improvements in endoscopic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes in severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with inadequate response to intranasal corticosteroids. Omalizumab was safe and well tolerated in all the patients.

In his talk, the doctor elaborates on impact of air quality of ART lab in the IVF outcomes, volatile organic compounds and their management, as well as latest developments.

The present study compared lapatinib plus capecitabine with capecitabine alone in women with progressive, HER2-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. The study showed that lapatinib plus capecitabine was superior to capecitabine alone in women with HER2-positive advanced breast.

Rivaroxaban is a potent, selective, orally active direct inhibitor of the activated serine protease Factor X (FXa), which plays a central role in the blood coagulation. It has good bioavailability (80%), is highly protein-bound, and has few drug interactions.

Nintedanib 150 mg twice a day demonstrated acceptable safety profile and was associated with reduction in the decline in lung function, with fewer acute exacerbations and preserved quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

This webcast provides the detailed place in therapy of Liposomal Amphotericin B for the management of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in hematological patients who are at the highest risk to get infected with IFIs.

In this webinar, the doctor talks about history of IVF, where do we stand in terms of PGT and current trends in PGT.

Administration of meropenem by continuous infusion improves drug exposure in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in critically ill patients with nosocomial pneumonia. The highest licensed dose of 6 g/day (2 g/8 h) seemed to be necessary to achieve an optimal coverage in ELF for all susceptible isolates (MIC ≤ 2 mg/L) in patients with conserved renal function. An alternative therapy should be considered in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria with a MIC greater than 2 mg/L.

This is one of the first studies that clinically validated MII-pH testing and ascertained its ability in guiding clinical management in children with suspected GERD.  Treatment decisions guided by MII-pH testing were associated with improved symptom and QOL in children.

The doctor gives perspectives whether preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is meant for all patients undergoing IVF, starting with its advantages and disadvantages and what does evidence say about PGT in IVF.

The study demonstrated that a fixed-dose combination of gatifloxacin/prednisolone eye drops was as effective as the non-fixed combination of individual agents for preventing infection and inflammation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.

This trial compared the combination of letrozole plus lapatinib with letrozole plus placebo as first-line treatment of patients with HR-positive MBC, including a population with known HER2- positive tumours. Results showed that letrozole-lapatinib combination was well tolerated and produced a clinically meaningful improvement in several efficacy endpoints.

Epilepsy occurs due to abnormal firing of neuron. In elderly it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment in elderly is challenging as they are on multiple drugs. Hence the monotherapy AED treatment is recommended at low dose with drug having minimal drug interactions such as levetiracetam, brivaracetam.

Lacosamide is a newer antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for as an adjunct for partial seizure which modulates sodium voltage gated channel. It reduces seizure frequency when given with another AED at dose of 400-600 mg a day. It is also well tolerated drug and has comparable efficacy with conventional AEDS.

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and the most common cause in elderly patients includes stroke related seizure, dementia and trauma. The preferred drugs for managing elderly patients with epilepsy includes levetiracetam and lamotrigine as they are well tolerated and have less drug interactions. AEDs which also acts as depressants should be avoided in elderly patient.

Pre-treatment with mifepristone followed by misoprostol was more effective than misoprostol alone in the management of missed miscarriage. Mifepristone and misoprostol combination treatment increased the chance of successful miscarriage and reduced the need for surgical intervention.

In this panel discussion, the moderator and panelists try to bust myths and misconceptions associated with contraception, thereby ensuring optimal usage and protection against unwanted pregnancy.  

In this talk, the doctor briefs on how contraception can pose a challenge in women with medical disorders and elaborates the WHO medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use.

The doctor highlights various aspects of Indian penal code, MTP act and POCSO act in association with safe abortion.

The doctor elaborates on how the pandemic gave rise to challenges in accessing contraception, opportunities and solutions in obtaining the same.  

In this talk, the doctor elaborates on how a practicing gynaecologist can ensure safe abortion with the help of components laid in comprehensive abortion care guidelines.

The doctor highlights the huge unmet need for modern contraceptives in India; existing and newer contraceptive options along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Treatment for 8 weeks with fluticasone was as effective as mometasone in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis and resulted in a significant improvement in the total nasal symptom score, with no significant difference between the two.   

The present study evaluated whether administration of azithromycin during an acute bronchiolitis (AB) event reduces subsequent wheezing and hospital readmissions. The 6 months follow-up results indicated that azithromycin at the time of admission for AB showed relevant protection for recurrence of wheezing 3 months after hospitalisation for AB.

The doctor talks about current fertility preservation techniques and options for both, males and females, and what is the future of this procedure.

This study highlights that colistin is erroneously blamed for nephrotoxicity and nephrotoxicity rates may be over-estimated as AKI is common in sepsis and independent of drugs used to treat sepsis. There is no statistical difference in nephrotoxicity observed in patients receiving colistin compared to those receiving βL- βLIs or carbapenem.

Lacosamide exhibited no adverse impact on the lipid profile in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Nintedanib reduced the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), which is consistent with a slowing of disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The most frequent adverse event reported by the nintedanib groups was diarrhea, which led to discontinuation of the study drug in less than 5% of patients.

The present study is the pooled analysis of studies LEAP 1 and LEAP 2 that compared efficacy and safety of lefamulin with moxifloxacin for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The analysis showed that lefamulin achieved a similar clinical response as moxifloxacin.

The present study compared the outcomes of endoscopic and surgical drainage in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The 2-year follow-up results suggested that surgical drainage was more effective than endoscopic treatment.

A simple, low-cost quality intervention bundle can significantly increase appropriate antimicrobial prescribing and appropriate investigations and reduce the duration of the total antibiotics.

In this panel discussion, the moderators and panelists shed light on important factors that can affect the pregnancy rates in IVF.

Uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy is still the essential treatment for gastric cancer. The present study evaluated the safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy. Findings showed that perioperative administration of the ERAS concept showed obvious advantages when intraoperative parameters, postoperative clinical indicators, and postoperative stress responses were analysed.

This sub-group analysis of the PARADIGM HF study demonstrates under-usage of ICD in patients with HFrEF despite reduction in sudden cardiac death. Sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of SCD in this patient subgroup regardless of the use of ICD.

Epilepsy is a group of disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures. The speaker mentioned that Levetiracetam as an AED has wide safety margin and minimal drug interactions with other antiepileptics. Also, it increases the rates of seizure freedom and is generally well tolerated.

Major depressive disorder is a severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy which significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction and improved QoL.

Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder. The most common cause in elderly includes stroke related seizure followed by dementia & trauma. The management in elderly requires adequate evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties of AED & non-AEDs for the correct dosing regimen to reduce the side effects of AEDs and better efficacy.

The global burden of disease has found both depression and panic to rank very high in terms of its disabling impact on individual. SSRI are preferred drug because of simplicity of use and generally safer and tolerable profile which enhance compliance in the patients.

Epilepsy in elderly poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the individual. Some important differentials to be considered in elderly includes syncope, stroke, metabolic disturbances. Treatment is challenging because of associated comorbidity and drug interactions which needs to be considered during treatment.

This sub-study of the DREAMS study demonstrates that increasing severity of dry eye disease leads to decreased work productivity and activity level and has a negative economic impact.

This real-world study conducted in Taiwan, demonstrated lacosamide to be effective and safe in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures and/or secondarily generalized seizures

According to sub analysis of VERIFY trial early aggressive combination with vildagliptin and metformin provides greater and durable glycaemic control in YOD patients (who face a very long duration of disease) compared to metformin alone.

This subgroup analysis of the PIONEER-HF trial demonstrated sacubitril/valsartan to be equally effective and safe in African-American and non-African-American patients with acute decompensate heart failure.

Many common factors increase or decrease absorption of iron. Knowing these factors may help avoid mistakes one makes while taking iron supplements, and thereby help improve the haemoglobin concentration.

Amongst children with acute diarrhoea, low dose zinc (10 mg and 5 mg per day) was non-inferior to high dose zinc (20 mg/day) in terms of duration of diarrhoea and mean number of stools. The use of lower doses was associated with lower risk of vomiting.

According to WHO, headache accounts for top 10 disability worldwide. CGRP antagonist, CGRP monoclonal antibodies and 5HT 1F receptors are the new emergent therapies in migraine. Botox is an additional option for severe treatment of migraine.

As per the results of this diagnostic study, the new urine-based DNA mutation detecting test is a promising alternative for the detection of recurrence in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

This is a prospective, randomized study evaluating the effect of preoperative administration of paracetamol (PARA), ibuprofen (IBUP), or aceclofenac (ACEC) on the success of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis. The study showed significant improvement in the efficacy of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia with preoperative administration of PARA, IBUP, and ACEC in patients with irreversible pulpitis

Ibuprofen (400 mg) and aceclofenac (100 mg) were found to be effective in controlling postoperative swelling, pain and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower-third molars. Alleviation of pain and trismus was found to be better with ibuprofen as compared to aceclofenac. Both the drugs had comparable efficacy with respect to control of facial swelling.

Emzumab is omalizumab 150mg powder for subcutaneous injection. This Emzumab monograph captures efficacy studies, safety data, how to reconstitute Emzumab, dose calculators and much more.

This study identifies various risk factors associated with progression of visual field in primary open angle glaucoma patients. The study further demonstrates that adding dorzolamide rather than brinzolamide to timolol significantly reduced the risk of progression.

Tamsulosin and Solifenacin combination improves Prostate & OAB symptom scores and QOL scores as compared to Tamsulosin alone.

Silodosin, a selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist, is a safe option that yields relief and improves health-related QoL in patients suffering from nocturia in BPH.

Amongst patients undergoing surgical extraction of the third molar, intramuscular ketorolac had a better pre-emptive analgesic effect over diclofenac sodium. Immediate post-operative pain free period did not differ significantly between the two groups.

The present study compared the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii and lactic acid-producing probiotics in acute paediatric diarrhoea. The study data suggest that Saccharomyces boulardii is more effective than lactic acid-producing probiotics in children six months to 5 years of age.

Compassionate use of remdesivir in pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized with severe Covid-19 was associated with high clinical recovery rates and was safe and well tolerated.

Triple therapy with the once-daily combination of TFC (tiotropium/formoterol/ciclesonide) resulted in improvements in pulmonary function and health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effects were more pronounced in non-smokers as compared with smokers, suggesting that non-smokers with COPD might benefit from added treatment with inhaled corticosteroid.

The ADVANCE trial compared the efficacy and safety of a triple-therapy combination of emtricitabine and dolutegravir plus either of two tenofovir prodrugs - tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate against the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and efavirenz. The results of this study confirmed the 48-week efficacy and safety data.

Amongst patients with T2DM and CKD, canagliflozin treatment was associated with early, sustained reductions in albuminuria that were independently associated with lower incidence long-term kidney and CV outcomes. Monitoring albuminuria during canagliflozin treatment is important to track kidney and CV prognosis.

This is the long-term extension study that evaluated efficacy and safety of tocilizumab monotherapy in patients who were part of the AMBITION study. The 5-year results confirm the continued efficacy and safety of TCZ as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

This is the first study to measure the effects of physical activity interventions that begin before bariatric surgery and continue postoperatively. The study compared two levels of interventions with bariatric surgery alone in promoting physical activity and structured, bout-related exercise. The study showed that patients in exercise counselling group had more steps and bout-minutes/week than standard care and pedometer group, demonstrating that combining self-monitoring, education, and a collaborative approach to exercise promotion can be effective.

The 3-year interim analysis of the ongoing POISE trial demonstrated long-term efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid in patients with primary biliary cholangitis who are intolerant or inadequately responsive to ursodeoxycholic acid. Treatment with obeticholic acid resulted in improvements in markers of cholestasis and liver enzymes.

In this keynote lecture, the doctor talks about evolution of infertility management and journey of IVF in India and the pioneering work of Dr. Subhas Mukherjee in the field of IVF.

It’s a case based discussion on different aspects of smile design principles. With the special mention on, why the smile design principles are important to know and what is the application of it in the field of dentistry.

Dr P K Hazra talks about the case of hypertensive patient with discomfort and fatigue diagnosed as HFpEF.

Dr P K Hazra talks about the importance of the time of initiation of MRA in HFrEF patients.

Dr P K Hazra talks about the use of MRA therapy across the HF continuum.

Dr P K Hazra talks about when to start different therapies in heart failure.

Dr P K Hazra talks about the evolution of different heart failure therapies.

This study determined the rates of intra-operative hyponatraemia development post use of hypotonic intravenous fluids in children undergoing minor elective surgical procedures. The study showed a comparable risk of developing hyponatremia in healthy children managed with hypotonic or parenteral maintenance solutions intraoperatively

Key highlights in Genitourinary cancer of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2020 Virtual Congress held from 19^th to 21^st September 2020.

Key highlights in Lung cancer of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2020 Virtual Congress held from 19^th to 21^st September 2020.

Amongst children with uncomplicated appendicitis, an initial non-operative strategy with antibiotics alone was successful in substantial proportion of patients compared with an urgent surgery approach. Patients treated with the former approach had fewer disability days at one year.

Treatment for 2 months with calcium orotate resulted in two-fold increase in the serum calcium levels, highly significant increased physical activity and symptomatic relief as compared to calcium carbonate + vitamin D3 in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Treatment with calcium orotate was safe and well tolerated.

Treatment with remdesivir shortened the time to recovery in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection as compared to placebo.

Treatment with dupilumab was effective in reducing polyp size, sinus opacification, and symptom severity and was well tolerated in adults with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Adding dupilumab to daily standard of care for patients with severe CRSwNP might be a good alternative.  

DISCOVER Study is the first active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial comparing a new regimen for pre-exposure prophylaxis; emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) with the current standard-of-care regimen, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF). The study showed that F/TAF has non-inferior efficacy and has more favourable effects on bone mineral density and biomarkers of renal safety versus F/TDF when used as PrEP in HIV prevention.

The study explores the role of tear-film assessment using the lipid layer thickness (LLT) evaluation in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) across various age groups. LLT evaluation is a valuable screening tool for MGD.

The current study demonstrated that oxcarbazepine had lower adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile as compared to carbamazepine and should be preferred over the latter as the first-line antiepileptic. The study also hints on using a lower than recommended dosage for both the medications considering the ADRs even at a low dosage.

The novel exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS-FLU) resulted in significant improvements in all 4 diagnostically defining disease symptoms, polyp grade, and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Artificial urinary sphincter implantation in women with stress urinary incontinence provided satisfactory long-term functional outcomes and is an effective treatment option after failure of first-line therapy.

Imbalance of antioxidant system correlates with the severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Incorporating healthy lifestyle (healthy dietary habits supplemented with physical activity) may help restore the antioxidant balance and delay the progression of AMD.

This study provides a first head-to-head comparison on the long-term efficacy, safety and tolerability of three antiepileptic dugs in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy.

Nebulized glycopyrrolate (GLY) 25 mcg BID and 50 mcg BID significantly reduced the risk of clinically important deterioration in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Treatment with GLY prevented clinically meaningful worsening in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and patient-reported health status.

This is the first phase III trial on postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in which the duration of oral 5-fluoropyrimidine drug for colorectal cancer was directly compared. The study showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine for 12 months had substantial clinical impact compared to 6 month capecitabine.

This study compared the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin for 7 Days versus 14 Days in women with acute pyelonephritis. The findings showed that community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in women can be treated successfully and safely with oral ciprofloxacin for 7 days and even in older patients and those with a more severe infection.

This first-of-its-kind, large-scale, real-world study demonstrated that amongst T2DM patients, treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1RA was associated with a lower risk of adverse kidney outcomes vs. DPP4i or SU.

According to this meta-analysis, sacubitril/valsartan, as compared with ACE inhibitors or ARBs, was associated with reduced risk of all-cause and CV mortality in patients with HFrEF and of HF hospitalization in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF.

Calcium orotate was associated with significantly higher oral bioavailability than calcium carbonate; Rapid, early and higher rate and extent of absorption compared to calcium carbonate; Substantially and significantly greater increases in serum calcium concentration, greater DAUC for serum calcium increment, and greater decreases in iPTH than equimolar amounts of calcium from supplements based on calcium carbonate.

This study is the first phase 3 randomised trial evaluating whether the mXELIRI regimen is non-inferior to the standard FOLFIRI regimen, with or without bevacizumab in both regimens, as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The results showed that mXELIRI with or without bevacizumab is non-inferior and well tolerated to FOLFIRI with or without bevacizumab in terms of overall survival.

This tool helps in calculating colistin loading and maintenance doses for the patients as per the guidelines.

Treatment for 12 months with obeticholic acid, administered either with ursodiol or as monotherapy, in patients with primary biliary cholangitis resulted in significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase level, total bilirubin level, and other biochemical markers of disease. Obeticholic acid was associated with an increased incidence of pruritus, which was dose-dependent.

Combined administration of telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg significantly reduced blood pressure and improved lipid control in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia. The combination may help achieve the therapeutic goal of higher compliance over the long term.

Major depressive disorder is a severe mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Escitalopram as an antidepressant has good efficacy. It significantly improves the depressive symptoms with minimal drug interaction with better tolerability profile.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder occurring in different phases including prodrome, aura, headache and postdrome phase. Triptan is 5HT 1B/1D receptor agonist which causes cerebral vasoconstriction and reduces pain. It can be given by nasal, oral and subcutaneous route.

The gastrointestinal tolerability of ferrous ascorbate containing 16:84 iron:ascorbic acid ratio was better than the conventional formulations containing 13:87 or 20:80 ratio of iron and ascorbic acid respectively, resulting in 30% reduction in the gastrointestinal side effects and 50% reduction in epigastric burning sensation. The absorption of the test product was found to be better than the conventional formulations.

Young-onset diabetes or prediabetes increased CVD risks and all-cause mortality in long-term.  This long-term risk for CVD incidence and all-cause mortality could be reduced with recovery of hyperglycaemia.

Ceftriaxone plus sulbactam plus EDTA significantly reduced the efflux pump expression and can be considered as an alternative in treating the E coli infections with efflux over expressed strains. EDTA disodium increases the susceptibility of E coil efflux over expressed strains by inhibiting efflux pumps

The intranasal spray containing azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate (FP) offered significantly better, more rapid and more complete symptom control as compared to AZE monotherapy in Russian patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis.

Schizophrenia is a serious lifelong disorder affecting behaviour, thought and cognition Psychosocial rehabilitation is important for independent level of optimal functioning & better Quality of life. The key characteristics of successful rehabilitation depends on integrative care & active involvement of multiple caregivers.

Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstay treatment of epilepsy. Levetiracetam is a novel AED with wide safety profile with minimal drug interactions. Also, has significantly higher retention rate and better seizure control compared to traditional AED.

Depression and anxiety disorder commonly occur together, and they have high severity of illness and significantly impair work functioning and quality of life. Escitalopram, desvenlafaxine and sertraline are commonly utilized to manage depression and anxiety.

Empirical treatment with cefpodoxime resulted in high cure rates and clinical improvement in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis and acute tonsillopharyngitis. The favorable safety and tolerability profile seem to make cefpodoxime an empirical choice in adult Egyptian patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections.

Amoxicillin is the drug of choice in patients ‘at risk’ of developing bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Moxifloxacin seems a promising safe alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.

Key highlights in Breast cancer of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2020 Virtual Congress held from 19th to 21st September 2020.

The present study assessed whether the frequency of postoperative infectious and inflammatory complications in patients treated with placebo is greater than those treated with antibiotic after extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar. The study showed that postoperative treatment with amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid was efficacious in preventing complication.

Epilepsy is recurrent unprovoked seizure that requires accurate identification along with its type for the management and prognosis of patient. Lacosamide is widely used add on antiepileptic as it provides synergistic epilepsy control and controls the seizures.

Dr P P Mohanan talks about the case discussion on acute MI with fatigue and dyspnoea.

Dr P P Mohanan talks about the case of hypertensive patient with discomfort and fatigue diagnosed as HFpEF

Dr P P Mohanan talks about the case of chronic HFrEF patient now hospitalized for acute decompensation.

Dr P P Mohanan talks about the importance of MRAs in heart failure.

Treatment with ethinyl estradiol + cyproterone acetate had better clinical outcomes than metformin with respect to control of menstrual cycle regulation and hyperandrogenism. Metformin, on the other hand, showed beneficial effects on serum lipids; improving glucose tolerance; reducing body weight and improve conception in PCOS cases.

Patients suffering from diabetes are 3 times more likely to have depression, also more likely to have diabetic burnout affecting physical &mental health. Escitalopram effectively manages depression and comorbid diabetes by increasing serotonin level and insulin level improving glycaemic controls, also in long term improve HB1AC levels.

Deep brain stimulation is recent advancement in psychiatry utilized in several disorder that involves electric stimulus which is minimally invasive, safe, adjustable and reversible nerve involvement technology.

This first-of-its-kind survey conducted among ophthalmologists associated with AIOS presents the current practice patterns of ophthalmologists in India for prevention of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.

Schizophrenia is common psychiatric disorder treated by typical and atypical antipsychotic. Atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and aripiprazole are recommended for the patient with agitation, aggression, acute psychotic symptoms and prophylaxis. The efficacy and side effect of antipsychotics aids clinicians in choosing right antipsychotic.

Amongst patients with focal seizures, levetiracetam can be a good adjunctive to carbamazepine or phenytoin when patients fail to achieve adequate seizure control with monotherapy

This post hoc analysis of TRANSITION study demonstrated a rapid and significant reduction in NT-proBNP, and favourable outcomes in patients with ADHF when sacubitril/valsartan was initiated in-hospital. Early in-hospital initiation of sacubitril/valsartan maybe beneficial in this patient subgroup.

The present study evaluated the safety, feasibility, and clinical efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. The study demonstrated that ERAS was associated with significant clinical and economic benefits in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy.

Both ketorolac and the combination of ketorolac plus tramadol/acet­aminophen showed good control of pain following the third molar surgery, the pain difference between the two was small and not relevant clinically. Use of combination was associated with extra cost and increased adverse events.

In India, providing In-person healthcare is challenging, given the large geographical distances and limited resources.  Telemedicine can provide an optimal solution in pedaitric practice in these times as it allows pediatricians to deliver their services for diagnosis, treatment of diseases, for research, evaluation, and for continuous education with the help of information and communication technologies. Find out more views from an expert panel about the advantages of telemedicine in pediatric practice.

In India, providing In-person healthcare is challenging, given the large geographical distances and limited resources.  In this type of scenario, telemedicine can provide an optimal solution as it allows health care professionals to deliver their services for diagnosis, treatment of disease, for research, evaluation, and for continuous education with the help of information and communication technologies. Find out more views from an expert panel about the practice of telemedicine and its advantages.

The systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates 0.03% bimatoprost to be more effective for controlling IOP compared to 0.005% latanoprost 0.004% travoprost in patients with POAG and OHT. However, 0.005% latanoprost is better tolerated in patients with POAG or OHT.

Triple therapy with once-daily combination of tiotropium, formoterol and ciclesonide (TFC) significantly improved pulmonary function, symptoms, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), irrespective of their smoking history. The effects were more pronounced among non-smoker COPD patients, indicating a beneficial effect of adding inhaled corticosteroid to the bronchodilators.

COPD and cardiovascular diseases commonly coexist. In these patients, use of appropriately dosed bronchodilators is safe. In fact, optimized COPD therapy in high-risk patients reduces both respiratory and cardiac mortality.

This case-based session addresses many practical aspects in daily COPD management. Both the international and Indian experts shared their experience and highlighted how evidence can be translated in daily practice to optimize COPD management.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid with or without methotrexate for the prevention and treatment of bone destruction rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients. The study showed that zoledronic acid has a synergistic effect when combined with methotrexate, inhibiting RA disease activity, reducing fracture risk, and improving quality of life in RA patients with secondary osteoporosis.

Combined ultrasound (US) with radiography offers promising result for the diagnosis of obstructive ureteric stone in patients presenting with acute flank pain to the emergency department. The combined modality approach might reduce the need for computed tomography (CT) scan, thereby reducing the radiation exposure to the patient.

The newly developed highly purified HP-HMG preparation was non-inferior to the conventional HP-HMG in the number of oocytes retrieved in women undergoing IVF using the GnRH antagonist protocol. The clinical efficacy and safety profile of this formulation was comparable to the conventional preparation.

Allergic disorders like allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria are now being recognised as global health problems affecting millions of children worldwide. Although not life-threatening, the consequences of these conditions are not trivial. Antihistamines targeting the histamine H1 receptor play an important role in improving and maintaining the quality of life of patients. Despite having efficacy, 1st generation antihistamines are not preferred instead 2nd generation oral antihistamines are recommended as first line treatment for allergic diseases. Take a view of the excerpt to know the reasons why first generation antihistamines are a less preferred option.  

Allergic disorders like allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria are now being recognised as global health problems affecting millions of children worldwide. Although not life-threatening, the consequences of these conditions are not trivial. Allergies impose a substantial socio-economic burden on patients, their families and society and they have a negative impact on patient's quality of life. Find out the expert's opinion on the epidemiology and impact of these disorders in children.

The present study compared the outcomes of early stoma closure with conventional stoma closure following bowel surgery. The study showed that early stoma closure was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications and leads to better a quality of life.

Warfarin remains the gold standard oral anticoagulant (OAC) in the Indian clinical practice. In the era of newer OACs, warfarin still has wider real world clinical use.

This study evaluated the efficacy of oral third generation cephalosporin-cefixime given as a single dose to outpatients with a confirmed community-acquired infection. The study showed that cefixime demonstrated good efficiency in patients with community-acquired infections suffering from acute otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections and in uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that use of glucose lowering drugs or strategies reduced the risk of fatal and non-fatal atherosclerotic events in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus or at risk of the disease.

This review provides you a brief insight on useful predictors in analysing the presence of detrusor overactivity in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

ENSURE was the first and largest trial to prospectively investigate erlotinib versus chemotherapy in a broad Asian population. The study showed that erlotinib provides a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with gemcitabine/cisplatin in Asian patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Er: Glass laser used in combination with topical 5% minoxidil versus 5% minoxidil alone for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The study demonstrated that treatment with combination therapy resulted in superior clinical outcomes of hair growth compared to monotherapy.

In the era of increasing resistance of Antibiotics, how High Dose of Minocycline plays a pivotal role to manage gram negative Bacilli. Dr Vishnu Rao an Infectious Disease expert from Apollo Hyderabad shares his experience of High Dose Minocycline in the current era & how dose optimization of Minocycline IV Is the need of the hour .

Sacubitril-valsartan treatment was associated with improvement in indices of vascular compliance as ascertained by echocardiographic evaluation. The echocardiographic biomarkers can be potentially used to assess the effectiveness of sacubitril-valsartan in HFrEF patients.

A webinar on long term effectiveness of viscosupplementation with various types of Intra-articular Hyaluronic acid in Osteoarthritis in maintaining functional improvement of the knees.

Amongst glaucoma patients, those with NTG prominently exhibit signs of vascular dysfunction. Hence a combination of conventional and advanced assessment techniques may be important to understand the role of non-IOP-related factors associated with NTG in these patients.

This is the first study from India which reports that full dose of pirfenidone ie 2400mg/d offers a significant survival advantage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. About 42% of the study subjects tolerated the full dose of pirfenidone (2400 mg/day), while 29.6 of the study subjects tolerated a dose of 1800-2400mg/day.

This Webcast focuses on the role of Enzalutamide, a second generation androgen receptor inhibitor for the treatment of men with metastatic prostate cancer. It covers advances in management of mCRPC and mCSPC and provides practical tips while prescribing Enzalutamide. The speaker also covers decision making algorithm in management of metastatic prostate cancer.

The present randomized clinical trial studied the effect of remdesivir vs standard care on clinical outcomes at 11 Days in patients with moderate COVID-19 patients. The study showed that the 5-day course of remdesivir had a statistically significantly better clinical status compared with those randomized to standard care at 11 days after initiation of treatment in patients with moderate disease.

The LACONORTE study provides real-world data on the efficacy and safety of lacosamide when used as a first add-on therapy for treating patients with focal onset epilepsy.

This is the largest study that provides a direct comparison of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants used for the management of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, following pulmonary endarterectomy.

The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation is high. Treatment with remdesivir resulted in improved survival outcomes in these patients.

Antihistaminics should be the first choice of treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Montelukast should be combined with antihistaminics in resistant AR cases.

Allergic  disorders like allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria are now being recognised as global health problems affecting millions of children worldwide. Although not life-threatening, the consequences of these conditions are not trivial. Various guidelines recommend second generation oral antihistamine as first line treatment for symptomatic control of these disorders. Take a look at the expert's opinion stating these guideline recommendations on treatment of AR and urticaria in children. 

Allergic disorders like allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria are now being recognised as global health problems affecting millions of children worldwide. Although not life-threatening, the consequences of these conditions are not trivial. Second generation oral antihistamines are preferred choice in treatment of such diseases. Bilastine is a most modern, second-generation antihistamine approved for use in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. It has the highest number of desired features for a modern antihistamine according to international ARIA guidelines. Take a look at the expert's comments on various positive attributes and efficacy of bilastine.

Allergic disorders like allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria are now being recognised as global health problems affecting millions of children worldwide. Although not life-threatening, the consequences of these conditions are not trivial. Second generation oral antihistamines are preferred choice in treatment of such diseases. Bilastine is a most modern, second-generation antihistamine approved for use in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. It has been shown to have an efficacy similar to that of other second-generation oral H1 antihistamines and an excellent safety profile with minimal sedative effect. Take a look at opinion of an allergy expert on various safety aspects of bilastine in children. 

There are conflicts in terms of what is recommended for diagnosis of airway diseases and what is currently practiced. This lecture highlights important clinical aspects to optimize diagnosis and monitoring of airway diseases in current era.

This study provides you a brief insight on the efficacy and safety of intravesical BCG instillations when used in patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer, presenting with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU).

According to the findings of the CREDENCE trial, canagliflozin rendered protection against renal and cardiovascular outcomes in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with albuminuric chronic kidney disease.

Degarelix was non-inferior to goserelin in achieving and maintaining testosterone suppression at castrate levels with an acceptable safety profile during 1-year treatment in the Chinese patients with prostate cancer. Treatment with degarelix resulted in improved disease control, indicated by significantly higher prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS).

Random-start controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) was as effective as conventional-start COS in fertility preservation in cancer patients. Random-start COS significantly decreased the total time for an IVF cycle without affecting the oocyte yield, maturity or competence. This protocol would minimize delays and allow more patients to undergo fertility preservation and still proceed with cancer treatment within 2–3 weeks.

EURTAC is the first prospective head to- head phase 3 study comparing the efficacy and safety of first-line erlotinib with platinum-based chemotherapy in non-Asian patients with advanced NSCLC and EGFR mutations. The study showed that erlotinib could improve median progression-free survival in European patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC compared with standard chemotherapy.
 

According to this post hoc analysis of the CANVAS program, use of canagliflozin vs. placebo, along with other background antihyperglycemic agents (AHA) was associated with a lesser likelihood of initiating insulin or new AHA in T2DM patients.

Canagliflozin reduced the risk of renal and CV events consistently across a broad range of eGFR including an eGFR of 30 to <45 ml/min per 1.73 m². These findings support the use of canagliflozin even in T2DM patients with a lower eGFR.

According to the post hoc analysis of the CANVAS Program, canagliflozin, when added to glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1 RA) exerted a synergistic impact on the intermediate cardiometabolic markers in T2DM patients.

The CANVAS Program demonstrates that canagliflozin reduces the risk of CV events in type-2 diabetes patients who are at high risk of CVD.

 In the era of increasing resistance of Antibiotics, how High Dose of Minocycline plays a pivotal role to manage gram negative Bacilli. Dr Chandrashish Chakravarty a Critical Care expert  from Apollo Kolkata  shares his experience of High Dose Minocycline in the current era & how dose optimization of Minocycline IV Is the need of the hour .

In this video, the speaker has discussed complexity of tibial plateau fracture fixation along with case discussion.

Dr Vijay Chopra talks about  benefits of MRA in heart failure management.

Dr Vijay Chopra talks about the importance of the time of initiation of MRA.

Dr Vijay Chopra talks about the role of spironolactone in HFpEF patients.   

Dr Vijay Chopra talks about the role of eplerenone in heart failure.