Despite being more than a 100 year old disease, Tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious diseases with high global burden. It is necessary to understand the basics of tuberculosis for tackling the increasing burden of the disease. In this presentation we have discussed the general epidemiology of tuberculosis, microbiology of infecting pathogen, infectiousness and transmission of TB, sign and symptoms of tuberculosis, and the drugs used for first line anti-tuberculosis treatment.